1 


THE  EXPOSITION  IN  A  NUTSHELL. 


A  COMPLETE  GUIDE, 


INC;   VISITORS  TO  MORE  READILY  SKK 
AND  APPRECIATE  THE 


GREAT  INTER-STATE 

EXPOSITION 


OF    CHICAGO, 

COMPRISING, 

I.     A  Critical  Article   upon  the  Pictures  and  other 

Works  of  Art  in  the  Art  Gallery. 

II.     The  Officers  of  the  Exposition,  -with  a  Hisu.i •> 
of  the  enterprise  from  its  inception. 

III.  Particular    mention    of    the    more    interesting 

objects  on  Exhibition. 

IV.  A   Sketch   of   Chicago    since    the    Fire— being    i 

word-picture  of  the  Rebuilt  Ci>y. 

V.     And  other  objects  of  interest  to  visitors. 


CHICAGO: 
C    H    1U  *KBLV   l'< 


PREFATORY. 


book  shall  be  a  history  of  the  Exposition  from  its 
**  inception.  It  shall  tell  of  the  enterprise  in  all  its 
stages  of  progression.  It  shall  tell  of  the  men  who  under- 
took, and  carried  to  rapid  completion,  such  an  imposing 
exponent  of  the  indefatigability  of  the  business  people  of 
Chicago.  It  shall  tell  how  a  city  of  ashes  became  a  city  of 
commercial  palaces  in  a  short  year  and  a  half.  It  shall 
tell  the  stranger  about  the  principal  business  interests  of 
Chicago.  It  shall  tell  of  the  marvelous  rise  of  the  Expo- 
sition building  ;  how  the  sun  came  up  one  morning  in  the 
middle  of  June,  to  find  a  half  dozen  weird-looking  pile- 
drivers  rearing  their  ponderous  heads  on  the  barrenness  of 
Lake  Front  Park  ;  how  the  middle  of  August  saw  the  unmis- 
takable outline  of  a  gigantic  palace  of  industry,  such  as  had 
never  before  been  seen  in  this  country ;  and  how  the  middle 
of  September  saw  the  work  completed. 

This  book  will   go   through  the  Exposition  hand  in  hand 
with    the    visitor    and   point    out    and   explain.      It  will   dis- 
course familiarly   upon    the  machinery  and    manufactur 
will  talk  to  the  farmer  of  seeds  and  agriculture— of  the  imple- 


iv  Prefatory. 

i 

meats  which  the  ingenuity  ef  man  has  invented  for  the  lever- 
age of  human  labor ;  it  will  show  the  housekeeper  the  latest 
patterns  of  utensils  and  furniture  ;  it  will  consult  with  the 
merchant  and  suggest ;  it  will  explain  to  all  sorts  of  people 
all  sorts  of  things,  and  when  it  gets  to  the  Art  Gallery,  it 
will  take  its  friends,  one  and  all,  by  the  hand,  and  with  an 
artist's  instinct  and  a  critic's  eye,  point  out  and  name  the 
pictures  and  discourse  upon  their  excellencies  and  their  defects, 
the  minuteness  of  shades  and  the  delicacy  of  colorings — in 
fact  this  work  shall  be  a  text-book  upon  that  particular 
subject. 

All  in  all,  it  shall  be  a  sprightly  hand-book,  indispensable 
to  any  visitor  who  wishes  to  see  and  properly  appreciate 
the  whole  of  the  Exposition. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ENTERPRISE. 


THE  need  of  an  exposition  has  long  been  apparent  to  the 
people  of  Chicago.  The  growth  of  the  city  was  won- 
derful beyond  precedent,  and  it  seems  as  if,  in  the  rush  of  rapid 
accumulation,  some  of  the  important  details  of  a  metropolis 
were  neglected;  but  now  that  we  have  risen  to  the  undisputed 
point  of  being  the  great  city  of  the  West — the  little  twin- 
sister  of  the  national  metropolis  in  fact — that  our  stability  is 
unquestioned,  that  we  have  been  weighed  in  a  balance  of  fire 
and  not  found  wanting,  the  importance  of  having  some  distinct 
and  emphatic  exponent  of  our  wealth  and  commerce  becomes 
an  absolute  necessity,  and  the  great  "Inter-State  Industrial 
Exposition  of  Chicago"  is  the  result. 

Of  course  we  had  fairs — county  fairs  and  state  fairs — all 
along,  and  there  had  been  some  mooting  of  an  exposition,  but 
the  matter  took  no  definite  shape  until  a  few  years  ago.  Then 
there  was  a  great  deal  of  talk  and  an  attempt,  but  it  proved 
abortive,  because  it  was  nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  project 
of  real  estate  speculators  who  desired  to  get  up  an  exposition 
and  sell  it  their  lands.  Insincere  in  its  inception  this  move- 
ment was  a  failure  from  the  beginning,  and  if  the  fire  was  not 
our  greatest  blessing,  as  some  rash  people  assert,  it  was  at  least  a 
blessing  in  that  one  respect,  for  the  "real  estate  speculators' 
exposition"  was  never  heard  of  after.  The  men  who  engi- 
neered it  are  not  in  the  new  movement.  The  present  enter- 
prise is  earnest  and  honest  in  its  endeavor,  there  are  no  specu- 
lators in  it,  no  member  of  the  board  of  directors  sells  any  ground 
or  has  any  contract.  The  working  members  draw  no  pay,  but 
devote  their  time  and  services  to  the  great  public  good  which 
is  expected  to  come  of  the  Exposition.  In  a  word,  the  present 


6  Chicago  and  hor  Exposition. 

enterprise  is  worthy  of  all  confidence,  and,  of  its  very  nature,  is 
;in  inevitable  success. 

If  it  were  not  for  the  very  great  amount  of  interest  and 
encouragement  manifested  by  all  classes  of  citizens,  »ve  might  be 
justified  in  saying  that  this  enterprise  grew  out  of  the  efforts 
of  the  "Woolen  Manufacturers'  Association"  to  establish  a 
permanent  annual  exposition  of  textile  fabrics  in  the  west,  and 
at  the  head  of  which  movement  was  Mr.  GEO.  S.  BOWEN  of 
Chicago.  But  as  the  great  Inter-State  Exposition  is  the  child 
of  the  pluck  and  energy  of  Chicago,  we  can  only  say  that  the 
exposition  of  textile  fabrics  was  a  forerunner. 

A  meeting  of  business  men  was  summoned  under  the  follow- 
ing call,  issued  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  GEO.  S.  BOWEN: 

WOOLEN  MANUFACTURERS'  ASSOCIATION. 

CHICAGO,  Feb.  21,  1873. 

There  will  be  a  meeting  of  the  manufacturers  of  Chicago, 
at  the  Gardner  House,  on  Monday  evening,  Feb.  24,  to  con- 
sider the  matter  of  holding  an  exposition  in  our  city  this  year, 
in  connection  with  the  exposition  of  the  Woolen  Manufac- 
turers' Association. 

Manufacturers  receiving  this  circular  will  please  reply  at 
once,  and  forward  any  suggestions  they  may  have  in  reference 
to  the  importance  of  holding  an  exposition  this  year,  which 
will  embrace  all  classes  of  industry. 

The  meeting  will  consider  the  expediency  of  changing  the 
name  of  the  association  so  that  it  may  embrace  manufacturers 
of  not  alone  textile  fabrics  in  the  West  and  South,  but  of  all 
classes  of  the  manufacturing  interests. 

The  question  of  having  Western  and  Southern  textile  produc- 
tions represented  in  the  forthcoming  Centennial  at  Philadelphia; 
also,  whether  it  is  practicable  or  desirable  for  manufacturers  to 
send  samples  to  the  Vienna  Exposition. 

By  order  of  the  committee. 

JAMES  NOWLAN. 

This  meeting  was  held  at  the  Gardner  House  on  the  24th 
of  February,  1873,  but>  owing  to  tne  inclement  weather  and 
thin  attendance,  was  adjourned  to  meet  on  the  next  evening 


History  of  the  Enterprise.  J 

at  the  Sherman  House.  There  were  present  at  this,  the  second 
meeting,  Messrs.  R.  T.  Crane,  Geo.  S.  Bowen,  Enos  Brown, 
David  Bradley,  F.  G.  Welch,  James  Nowlan,  and  others. 
The  result  of  this  meeting  was  a  call  for  a  mass-meeting  of 
manufacturers  on  the  following  evening  at  Rice  &  Jackson's 
Hall.  Thus  we  see  the  prime  movers  in  this  affair  were  men 
determined  upon  their  purpose,  and  they  kept  striking  vigor- 
ously while  the  iron  was  hot. 

At  the  Rice  &  Jackson's  Hall  meeting  there  was  a  large 
attendance  of  the  leading  business  men  of  the  city,  and  the 
interest  in  the  project  amounted  to  enthusiasm. 

A  committee,  consisting  of  the  following  named  gentlemen, 
was  appointed  to  consult  with  the  Woolen  Manufacturers'  Asso- 
ciation :  O.  W.  POTTER,  H.  W.  KING,  J.  MCGREGOR  ADAMS, 
E.  W.  BLATCHFORD,  N.  S.  BOUTON,  GEO.  W.  GAGE,  W.  S. 
COOLBACGH,  M.  D.  WELLS,  C.  H.  McCoRMiCK,  H.  H.  TAYLOR, 
DAVID  BRADLEY  and  R.  T.  CRANE. 

The  fact  that  we  were  to  have  an  exposition  was  now  fixed. 
The  next  meeting  was  held  on  the  ist  of  March,  at  the  Sherman 
House,  when  H.  H.  TAYLOR  offered  a  resolution,  that  an  exposi- 
tion be  held  during  the  following  fall,  in  a  building  to  be 
erected  on  Lake  Park,  and  that  the  capital  stock  be  fixed  at 
$150,000.  This  was  adopted  at  once. 

The  capital  stock  was  afterwards  increased  by  resolution  to 
$250,000. 

The  next  meeting  was  held  in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
eight  days  afterwards,  and  a  committee  on  stock  and  subscrip- 
tions appointed,  consisting  of  A.  C.  HESING,  W.  K.  NIXON, 
J.  D.  HARVEY,  JACOB  ROSENBERG,  E.  A.  BISHOP,  J.  W. 
WHITTLE  and  PETER  SCHUTTLER. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  declaring  the  Exposition  National 
in  its  character  and  christening  it  "The  Inter-State  Industrial 
Exposition  of  Chicago."  Articles  of  Incorporation  were  se- 
cured and  on  the  2Qth  of  March  the  committee  reported  all  the 
stock  taken. 

A  permanent  organization  was  then  effected  on  the  loth  of 
April,  when,  at  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders,  in  the  Council 


Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

Chamber,    the  following  named   Board  of    Directors  was   ap- 
pointed : 

POTTER  PALMER,  MARSHALL  FIELD, 

JOSEPH  MEDILL,  C.  B.  FARWELL, 

N.  K.  FAIRBANK,  H.  H.  TAYLOR, 

EDWIN  LEE  BROWN,  DAVID  A.  GAGE, 

N.  S.  BOUTON,  J.  IRVING  PEARCE, 

R.  T.  CRANE,  T.  W.  HARVEY, 

GEO.  W.  LYON,  WIRT  DEXTER, 

W.  F.  COOLBAUGH,  T.  B.  BRYAN, 

CHAS.  FARGO,  A.  C.  HESING, 

W.  E.  DOGGETT,  GEO.  H.  LAFLIN, 

C.  FURST,  GEO.  S.  BOWEN, 

JOHN  B.  DRAKE,  JACOB  ROSENBERG, 

JOHN  P.  REYNOLDS. 

The  Board   of  Directors  held  a   meeting   at   the   Sherman 
House,  on  the  25th  of  April,  and  elected  the  following  officers: 
President — POTTER  PALMER. 

Vice- Presidents — JOSEPH  MEDILL,  W.  F.  COOLBAUGH,  CHAS. 
B.  FARWELL,  JACOB  ROSENBERG,  N.  K.  FAIRBANK. 
Treasurer — J.  IRVING  PEARCE. 
Secretary — JOHN  P.  REYNOLDS. 

Executive  Committee — N.  S.  BOUTON,  Chairman,  POTTER 
PALMER,  GEO.  H.  LAFLIN,  JOHN  B.  DRAKE,  T.  W.  HARVEY, 
R.  T.  CRANE,  GEO.  S.  BOWEN,  and  DAVID  A.  GAGE. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting,  the  City  Council  having  granted 
the  use  of  Lake  Park,  the  payment  of  stock  was  called  in,  and 
the  Executive  Committee  ordered  to  proceed  with  the  erection 
of  the  building. 

This  is  the  history  of  the  Exposition  in  the  days  of  its  in- 
fancy, and  to  the  public-spirited  citizens  who  carried  it  through 
to  maturity  and  certain  success,  all  honor  is  due.  We  terminate 
this  narration  abruptly,  because  the  time  has  not  yet  come  for 
the  rest  of  it  to  be  written.  That  of  it  which  is  not  told,  the 
visitor  can  see.  Applications  for  space  for  exhibitors  have  been 
pouring  in  since  the  first  pile  was  driven  for  the  foundation  of 
the  building,  and  if  it  were  possible  to  bring  this  history  up  to 


History  of  the  Enterprise.  9 

the  time  at  which  this  book  is  placed  in  the  hand  of  the  reader, 
we  could  not  tell  the  Exposition's  story  better  than  the  Expo- 
sition tells  it  itself.  It  stands  here  like  a  palace  risen  in  a 
morning;  it  is  the  top-jewel  in  the  coronet  of  the  Metropolis  of 
the  West.  It,  itself,  is  the  history  of  Chicago  in  miniature — it 
rose  up  in  a  day,  and  it  is  magnificent  in  its  conception  and 
its  accomplishment.  The  Exposition  is  a  monument  to  that 
peculiar  energy  which  amazes  the  world  and  confounds  our 
contemporaries. 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  OFFICERS. 


POTTER  PALMER. 

MK.  POTTER  PALMER  is  a  good  specimen  of  the  go-ahead 
Chicagoan,  and  for  this  reason  it  was  peculiarly  appropriate  that 
he  should  have  been  selected  as  the  head  and  front  of  an  enter- 
prise which,  in  its  spirit,  was  to  embody  the  secret  of  Chicago's 
prosperity.  He  was  not  chosen,  however,  to  be  a  figure-head. 
Mr.  PALMER  has  been  one  of  the  warmest  friends  of  the  Exposi- 
tion from  its  inception,  and  has  steadily  contributed  to  it  out  of 
his  large  stock  of  wealth  and  influence.  As  its  President  he  has 
presided  at  every  meeting,  unless  absent  from  the  city,  artd  as  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Committee  has  zealously  borne  his 
part  of  the  large  amount  of  work  and  anxiety  which  has  fallen 
to  the  portion  of  the  gentlemen  of  that  Committee. 

Mr.  PALMER'S  history  as  a  citizen  of  Chicago,  is  known,  not 
only  here  in  the  city,  but,  among  business  men  all  over  the 
country.  He  is  everywhere  recognized  as  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  and  sagacious  of  our  citizens. 

He  came  to  Chicago  twenty  years  ago,  from  New  York.  For 
the  first  ten  years  of  his  residence  here  he  engaged  entirely  in 
the  dry  goods  business,  and  his  house  was,  probably,  one  of  the 
best  known  in  that  line  in  the  West.  About  ten  years  ago 
he  turned  his  attention  to  real  estate,  and  has  now  grown 
to  be  one  of  the  strongest  landholders  in  the  city.  The  large 
number  of  palatial  buildings  which  he  has  erected,  mark  him  as 
a  public  spirited  citizen,  while  his  magnificent  hotel,  now  at  the 
point  of  completion,  will  be  the  marvel  of  the  world.  He  has 
built  it  after  studying  the  hotels  of  America  and  Europe,  and  it 


Sketches  of  the  Officers.  1 1 

will  be  a  hotel  after  his  own  heart,  and  will  stand  for  centuries 
to  come,  a  monument  to  his  genius  and  an  honor  to  his  name, 
tarrying  it  down  to  be  spoken  by  the  mouths  of  our  children 
and  our  children's  children,  and  even  generations  thereafter. 


MON.  JOHN  jP.    REYNOLDS. 

The  large  and  varied  experience  of  Hox.  JOHN  P.  REY- 
NOLDS in  matters  of  this  character,  pointed  him  out  at  once  as 
a  man  to  be  one  of  the  important  officers  of  the  great  Exposi- 
tion. The  complete  success  of  the  hurried  enterprise  demanded 
the  services  of  a  quick  and  experienced  hand  and  the  fortunate 
selection  of  Mr.  R.  is  a  matter  of  congratulation.  The  history 
of  his  connection  with  the  fairs  of  Illinois  and  elsewhere  could 
not,  if  justice  were  done  it,  be  told  between  the  covers  of  our 
book.  In  a  word,  he  first  became  connected  with  the  Illinois 
State  Agricultural  Society  in  1855,  ant^  served  as  Secretary  of 
the  same  from  1860  to  1871.  He  was  then  Vice-President  for 
the  State  at  large,  and,  upon  the  organization  of  the  new  State 
Board  of  Agriculture  in  1872,  was  elected  President  for  the 
term  of  two  years.  Mr.  REYNOLDS  was  appointed  by  Gov. 
Oglesby,  the  Commissioner  for  the  State  at  the  Paris  Exposition 
of  1867.  He  also  served  upon  the  same  occasion  as  the  dele- 
gate from  the  State  Agricultural  Society,  and  as  a  commissioner 
of  the  United  States.  At  Paris  he  was  put  on  the  jury  on 
Agricultural  Implements  and  Agricultural  Establishments. 

To  Mr.  REYNOLDS  is  due  almost  entirely  the  well-ordered 
appearance  of  the  present  Exposition.  He  has  personally 
superintended  the  disposition  of  the  space,  and  though,  of 
course,  much  is  due  the  able  superintendents  of  the  depart- 
ments, the  general  and  gratifying  result  of  Mr.  R.'s  work  is 
.where  apparent. 


1 2  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 


RVING  PEARCE. 

MR.  J.  IRVING  PEARCE  is  the  Treasurer  of  the  Exposition. 
Although  a  financier,  as  his  success  as  a  business  man  attests, 
there  has  been  no  pressing  call  for  tho  exercise  of  his  abilities 
in  that  regard,  for  the  Exposition  has  received  the  cordial 
support  of  the  citizens  from  the  start,  and  money,  amply  suffi- 
cient, has  always  been  ready  to  meet  the  expenses  of  the 
enterprise.  Mr.  PEARCE  has,  however,  been  one  of  the  hardest 
working  members  and  has  never  fagged  in  his  zeal  for  the  suc- 
cess of  the  project.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1851,  and  is 
probably  one  of  the  most  widely  and  favorably  known  business 
men  of  the  city.  It  is  said  of  him  that  every  enterprise  he  has 
undertaken  has  succeeded.  As  an  instance  of  the  thorough- 
ness and  promptness  with  which  he  accomplishes  what  he 
undertakes,  it  will  be  interesting  to  state  that  in  the  making  up 
of  the  committee  on  subscriptions  in  the  early  days  of  the 
Exposition,  Mr.  PEARCE  was  appointed  to  canvass  among  his 
own  fraternity — the  bankers.  The  subscription  book  was  sent 
to  him  one  day  and  he  returned  it  to  the  Secretary  on  the  next 
with  the  names  of  twenty-two  banks,  each  subscribing  to  one 
thousand  dollars  worth  of  stock — Mr.  PEARCE  having  visited 
every  bank  in  the  city  on  the  same  day  that  the  book  was 
put  in  his  hands.  Such  promptness  as  this  has  made  him  a 
reputation  for  reliability  such  as  few  men  possess,  and  probably 
no  man  in  the  community  controls  the  confidence  of  the  pub- 
lic to  such  an  extent  as  he.  Mr.  P.  has  been  a  hotel  man  for 
the  greater  part  of  his  residence  in  Chicago,  but  has  also 
engaged  in  other  matters.  He  is  largely  interested  in  real 
estate,  and  is  the  president  of  the  Third  National  Bank.  He 
kept  the  Matteson  House  till  1856.  In  1858  he  took  charge  of 
the  Adams  House  and  remained  there  until  the  fire.  He 
opened  the  Hyde  Park  Hotel  in  1867,  and  still  has  the  control 


Sketciies  of  the  Officers.  1 3 

of  it.  As  one  of  the  principal  officers  of  the  Expositson,  Mr. 
PEARCE  is  about  the  building  a  great  deal,  and,  like  the  rest  of 
those  who  have  undertaken  and  built  up  this  enterprise,  is 
anxious  that  it  shall  be  a  success  in  every  sense  of  the  word — 
that  every  visitor,  as  well  as  every  exhibitor,  shall  go  away 
pleased,  not  only  with  the  Exposition,  but  with  Chicago  in 
general. 


OUTON. 


MR.  N.  S.  BOUTON,  being  the  chairman  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  a  great  deal  of  the  responsibility  for  the  rapid 
accomplishment  of  the  work  very  naturally  rested  upon  his 
shoulders,  though  he  was,  through  all,  ably  and  energetically 
assisted  by  the  other  members  of  the  Committee.  But  the 
Exposition,  signally  successful  in  the  selection  of  its  officers, 
was  particular  fortunate  in  securing  the  valuable  services  of  Mr. 
BOUTOK  in  this  very  important  position.  A  man  of  rare  execu- 
tive ability,  he  brought  to  bear  in  the  pushing  along  of  the 
enterprise,  the  same  energy  and  indefatigability  which  has 
marked  his  successful  career  as  one  of  the  leading  business  men 
of  Chicago. 

Mr.  BOUTON  is  president  of  the  Union  Foundry  Works.  He 
came  to  Chicago  twenty-two  years  ago,  is  forty-six  years  of  age, 
and  was  born  in  New  Hampshire.  He  commenced  in  Chicago 
as  a  clerk  in  the  iron  firm  of  G.  W.  Sizer  &  Co.,  was  admitted 
as  a  partner  during  the  year  following,  and  remained  with  the 
firm  until  1856.  He  then  formed  a  new  business  connection, 
the  firm  being  Stone,  Boomer  &  Bouton,  bridges  and  car-works. 
The  shops  of  this  firm,  it  will  be  remembered,  were  where  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  shops  now  are,  they  having  sold  their 
establishment  to  that  company.  The  firm  was  dissolved  in  1857, 


14  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

and  Mr.  BOUTON  established,  in  his  own  name,  the  concern 
which  is  now  known  as  the  Union  Foundry  Works,  and  which 
includes  almost  all  kinds  of  iron  manufacturing.  In  1863  he 
took  into  the  firm  his  brother,  C.  B.  Bouton,  and  E.  L.  Hurl- 
burt,  each  with  one-fourth  interest,  the  firm  name  being  N.  S. 
Bouton  &  Co.,  and  remaining  so  until  last  year  when  the  present 
name  was  adopted'.  In  1862  Mr.  BOUTON  went  into  the  army 
as  quartermaster  of  the  88th  Illinois  regiment,  and  afterwards 
served  in  the  same  capacity  in  the  brigade  and  corps.  From 
the  effects  of  exposure  while  in  the  service,  he  was  sick  and 
totally  incapacitated  for  business  from  January,  '64,  to  July,  '65. 
Having  recovered  his  health  entirely,  he  now  possesses  physical 
force  amply  sufficient  for  the  support  of  the  remarkable  energy 
of  character  which  marked  him  out  as  one  of  the  men  to  lead 
in  an  enterprise  like  the  great  Exposition.  Mr.  BOUTON  has 
been  from  the  first  a  strong  advocate  of  the  advantages  of  a 
great  crystal  palace  exposition  at  Chicago,  and  his  personal 
interest  in  and  watchfulness  of  the  affair,  has  not  ceased  with 
its  consummation. 


pEO.     S.    BoWEN. 


MR.  GEO.  S.  BOWEN,  a  member  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee, though  he  has  been  for  many  years  one  of  the  prominent 
business  men  of  Chicago,  is  probably  more  widely  known  as 
one  of  the  chief  advocates  of  the  wool  manufacturing  interests 
of  the  country,  especially  of  the  West.  He  is  President  of  the 
Woolen  Manufacturers'  Association,  from  which,  in  reality, 
the  great  Exposition  has  sprung,  and  for  his  great  interest  in 
and  knowledge  of  such  matters,  he  has  been  requested  andf 
has  consented  to  take  charge  of  the  Department  of  Textile  Fab- 
rics, to  which  he  will  give  much  of  his  personal  attention. 


Sketches  of  the  Officers.  \  - 

If  the  credit  for  a  great  enterprise  is  due  the  originator, 
Chicago  has  Mr.  GEO.  S.  BOWEN  to  thank  for  its  Exposition,  for 
it  was  he  who  made  the  suggestion  which  has  led  to  such  a 
brilliant  consummation.  He  had  a  leading  hand  in  the  Expo- 
sition of  Textile  Fabrics  which  was  inaugurated  at  Cincinnati  in 
1870,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Woolen  Manufacturers'  Associ- 
ation, and  held  annually  thereafter  at  different  cities  in  the 
West.  The  committee  met  in  this  city,  in  February  last,  to 
arrange  for  the  display  this  fall,  when  Mr.  BOWEN  advocated  a 
fixed  and  permanent  place  for  such  exhibitions,  and  opposed 
the  migratory  system  which  had  previously  been  adhered  to. 
He  prevailed  upon  the  committee  to  agree  to  hold  their  exhibi- 
tions in  Chicago  for  the  next  ten  years,  provided  the  city  or 
somebody  in  the  city,  would  furnish  a  suitable  building.  He 
then  went  to  work  and  had  issued  a  call,  in  pursuance  of  which 
was  assembled  the  meeting  out  of  which  has  sprung  the  great 
Inter-State  Industrial  Exposition  of  Chicago. 

Mr.  BOWEN  came  to  this  city  in  1849,  when  only  20  years 
of  age.  For  six  years  previous  to  that  lime  he  had  been  em- 
ployed in  a  woolen  mill  at  Little  Falls,  Herkimer  County,  New 
York,  and  during  that  time,  having  worked  himself  up  to  a  posi- 
tion of  honor  and  trust  in  the  establishment,  probably  imbibed 
his  decided  predilection  for  a  woolen  mill.  Upon  his  arrival 
in  Chicago,  in  1849,  he  went  to  work  in  the  dry  goods  store  of 
N.  H.  Wood,  and  in  1853  succeeded  him  in  the  business. 
Since  then  the  jobbing  dry  goods  house  of  Bowen  Brothers, 
of  Chicago,  has  become  known  all  over  the  West.  Mr.  BOWEN 
is  also  a  large  owner  of  real  estate,  and  is  Vice-President  of 
the  Chicago  &  Pacific  railroad.  He  is  a  member  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  National  Association  of  Woolen  Manufac- 
turers of  America.  Mr.  B.  now  resides  at  Elgin,  111.,  and  i> 
mayor  of  that  city.  There  are  few  visitors  to  the  Exposition 
who  will  not  meet  with  his  genial  face  in  the  Department  of 
Textile  Fabrics. 


16  Chicago  ami  her 


.     LAFLIN. 

To  MR.  GEORGE  H.  LAFLIN  was  entrusted  one  of  the  most 
responsible  positions  in  the  enterprise — that  of  Chairman  of 
the  Advertising  Committee.  Upon  him  has  devolved  the  labor 
of  acquainting  the  world  with  the  fact  that  we  are  to  hold 
here  in  Chicago,  a  grand  exposition  of  the  industries  of  the 
nation.  There  could  be  no  more  important  position,  for  the 
proper  discharge  of  its  duties  decides  the  financial  success  of 
the  enterprise.  At  the  same  time  there  could  be  no  more  envi- 
able position,  for  it  is  not  every  day  that  one  finds  a  business 
man  who  properly  understands  the  subject  of  advertising. 
Indeed,  it  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  the  average  is  not  one  in 
a  hundred.  It  is  also  a  fact,  well  understood  among  news- 
paper men,  that  some  of  the  heaviest  advertisers  in  the  country 
have  no  idea  of  the  relative  value  of  different  kinds  of  adver- 
tising. The  Exposition,  then,  has  paid  Mr.  LAFLIN  a  high 
compliment,  but  one  which  his  large  experience  and  hard, 
penetrating  common  sense  deserves. 

Since  the  Exposition  movement  was  put  squarely  on  its  feet, 
Mr.  L.  has  been  one  of  its  hardest  and  most  faithful  workers. 
He  has  devoted  almost  his  entire  time  and  attention  to  it, 
and,  as  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee,  has  been  on 
hand  early  and  late,  and  has  assisted  materially  in  the  pushing 
ahead  of  the  work  on  the  building. 

Mr.  LAFLIN  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1827.  He  came 
to  Chicago  when  only  ten  years  of  age,  and  lived  in  old  Fort 
Dearborn.  He  is  one  of  the  few  men  who  have  seen  and 
been  with  the  city  from  its  incipiency.  He  started  in  business 
as  a  clerk  for  Wadsworth,  Dyer  &  Chapin,  who  were  the  head 
and  original  of  the  two  firms  of  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.  and  John 
V.  Farwell  &  Co.  Leaving  them  in  1854,  he  established  the 
first  paper  house  in  the  West,  with  himself  and  brother  under 
the  firm  name  of  G.  H.  &  L.  Laflin.  They  led  the  paper  trade 
west  of  the  Alleghanies  for  nearly  twenty  years. 


Sketches  of  the  Officers.  \  - 


JOHN    B.  DRAKE. 


The  compiler  of  this  book,  starting  out  to  search  for  some- 
thing biographical  in  regard  to  Mr.  JOHN  B.  DRAKE,  was  told 
that  "  it  must  be  an  uncivilized  land  where  you  would  find  a 
man  who  did  not  know  DRAKE  !"  Mr.  DRAKE  belongs  to  the 
aristocracy  of  the  hotel  fraternity.  He  is  known  to  the  travel- 
ing community  all  over  the  country  and  in  Europe  as  "  the  best 
best  man  to  keep  a  hotel."  He  identified  himself  with  the  old 
Tremont  and  made  it  what  it  was.  He  is  now  President  of  the 
Illinois  Loan  and  Trust  Company,  and  is  a  large  property 
owner  in  the  city.  Though  not  so  early  connected  with  the 
Exposition  movement  as  some  of  the  equally  prominent  mem- 
bers, Mr.  DRAKE  has,  since  his  election  as  one  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  given  the  matter  his  unceasing  attention.  His  good 
advice  and, counsel  have  been  invaluable  in  the  perfecting  of  the 
organization. 


EDWIN  LEE  BROWN. 


MR.  EDWIN  LEE  BROWN  is  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, and  has  done  valuable  service  in  that  regard,  but  upon 
him  has  devolved  a  still  more  important  work.  For  his  well- 
known  interest  and  experience  in  matters  of  art  he  was  made 
Chairman  of  the  Art  Committee — a  position  requiring  the  services 
of  the  very  best  man  who  could  be  procured.  The  work  of  getting 
together  a  creditable  display  of  the  fine  arts  has  been  no  easy  one. 
A  number  of  fine  collections  belonging  to  private  citizens  of  Chi- 
cago were  destroyed  by  the  great  fire,  and,  for  this  reason, 
Mr.  BROWN  has  to  depend  in  a  greater  measure  upon  contribu- 
tions from  abroad.  He  has  been  indefatigable  in  his  work, 


1 8  Chicago  and  Iicr  IL\ position. 

however,  and  the  display,  considering  the  many  untoward 
circumstances,  not  the  least  of  which  was  the  very  short  time  at 
his  disposal,  is  creditable  alike  to  himself  and  the  Exposition. 

Mr.  BROWN  is  a  native  of  Maine,  and  was  born  in  1827. 
His  original  profession  was  that  of  an  architect,  which  he 
followed  for  ten  years  in  Boston.  He  was  the  architect  of  the 
well-known  Parker  House  in  that  city.  He  has  been  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  sidewalk  lights  for  the  past  fifteen  years. 
He  established  that  business  in  connection  with  his  brother,  the 
late  Franklin  B.  Brown,  under  the  firm  name  of  Brown  Brothers, 
in  Chicago,  in  1860,  and  still  carries  it  on  under  the  same  name, 
although  he  now  owns  the  whole  concern.  He  does  the  largest 
business  in  this  line  of  any  house  in  the  world,  which  is  men- 
tioned as  no  little  item  in  the  business  summary  of  Chicago. 
During  the  year  1872  the  cash  outlay  of  the  firm  was  eight 
hundred  dollars  a  day. 

Mr.  BROWN  was  President  of  the  Chicago  Library  Associa- 
tion for  two  years,  and  also  President  of  the  Illinois  Humane 
Society.  He  received  a  liberal  education,  graduating  at 
Bowdoin  College,  Brunswick,  Maine,  in  1846.  He  is  a  great 
lover  of  art  in  all  its  branches,  and  was  one  of  the  original 
founders  of  the  Boston  Art  Club,  of  which  he  is  now  a  life 
member.  Visitors  whose  taste  will  attract  them  to  the  Art 
Gallery,  will  find  in  Mr.  BROWN  an  urbane  gentleman  and 
a  valuable  acquaintance. 


JtJL 


F  AIRBANK. 


MR.  FAIRBANK  is  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents.  He  is  the 
leading  member  of  the  firm  of  Fairbank  &  Peck,  of  this  city, 
which  is  largely  engaged  in  the  packing  and  rendering  business. 
Mr.  F.  is  a  prominent  and  well-known  citizen,  is  a  director  of 
the  Board  of  Trade,  and  is  highly  respected  in  the  business 
community. 


Sketches  of  the  Officers.  19 


.   LRANE. 


/ 


MR.  R.  T.  CRANE,  of  the  firm  of  Crane  Brothers,  is  a. 
member  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  is  considered  one  of 
the  most  valuable  workers  in  the  enterprise.  Mr.  CRANE'S 
history  as  a  citizen  of  Chicago,  can  be  told  in  a  few  words. 
He  came  here  thirty-five  years  ago,  and,  with  his  brother, 
started  a  blacksmith  shop,  with  little  capital,  but  a  large  amount 
of  brain  and  muscle.  They  gradually  increased  the  facilities 
of  their  forge,  until  now  the  record  of  their  industry  covers 
four  large  blocks,  including  the  site  of  the  old  blacksmith  shop, 
and  gives  employment  to  six  hundred  men.  Mr.  CRANE  was 
one  of  the  first  to  undertake  the  Exposition  project,  and  has 
attended  every  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  Board 
of  Directors. 


DAVID    A.   GAGE. 


MR.  DAVID  A.  GAGE  is  another  hotel  man.  So  far,  we  have 
recorded  three  successful  hotel  men  as  members  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee.  Argal,  a  man  who  can  keep  a  hotel  can  do 
anything.  Mr.  GAGE  is  also  one  of  those  citizens  whom  the 
community  know  too  well  to  require  any  especial  history  of 
their  lives. '  He  is  not  quite  fifty,  and  is  from  the  East,  but  has 
been  from  there  so  long  that  he  has  forgotten  all  about  it  him- 
self, and  nobody  else  probably  knew  it  before.  He  has  become 
so  thoroughly  identified  with  Chicago,  that  he  passes  current 
for  one  native  and  to  the  manor  born.  The  two  Gage  brothers 
have  the  reputation  of  being  far-seeing  business  men,  quick  and 
sagacious  in  their  transactions — and  they  are  both  very  rich. 


2O  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

They  have  both  been  very  deeply  involved  in  the  politics  of  the 
city,  and  have  each  held  responsible  offices,  Mr.  George  Gage 
being  at  present  one  of  the  South  Park  Commissioners, 
and  Mr.  DAVID,  city  treasurer.  The  latter  now  holds  that 
office,  and  will  ever  be  a  landmark  in  the  city's  history,  as 
the  first  treasurer  who  gave  to  the  city  the  interest  on  its  money 
entrusted  to  his  keeping.  It  has  been  the  fashion,  heretofore, 
for  the  treasurer  to  pocket  this  good  round  sum,  but  no  one, 
now  that  the  good  example  has  been  set,  will  ever,  hereafter, 
have  the  courage  to  return  to  the  old  and  very  lucrative  system. 
The  Gages,  as  hotel  men,  were  of  the  old  Sherman  and  are  now 
of  the  new  Pacific,  which,  to  the  traveling  public,  is  more  than 
could  be  said  in  [their  honor  in  a  volume  of  words.  Mr. 
DAVID  GAGE  is  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  has 
been  one  of  the  Exposition's  best  friends. 


WON.  JOSEPH    M.EDILL. 

MR.  MEDILL  is  counted  among  the  fathers  of  the  Exposi- 
tion. As  Mayor  of  the  city,  he  has  given  it  his  strong 
countenance  from  the  first.  The  speech  which  he  made  at  the 
Rice  &  Jackson's  Hall  meeting,  in  February,  marked  out  and 
made  good  its  first  substantial  foundations.  Mr.  MEDILL'S 
record  as  a  public  man  is  too  well  known  in  the  country  to  be 
inquired  after.  His  reputation  for  strong,  sound  sense  goes 
with  his  name.  When  the  fire  had  disrupted  everything  and 
left  the  city  bewildered,  he  was  called  upon  to  take*  hold  of  its 
affairs  and  lead  it  out  of  its  overwhelming  embarassment. 
How  well  and  acceptably  he  performed  this  responsible  and 
trying  duty,  if  it  were  not  evident  in  the  appearance  and-pros- 
perity  of  the  city  itself,  would  have  been  apparent  to  the 
merest  stranger  by  the  hearty  accord  and  good  wishes  tendered 
him  on  all  sides  on  the  occasion  of  his  recent  departure  for 


Sketches  of  the  Officers.  2 1 

Europe  for  a  season  of  rest.  Mr.  MEDILL  is  a  man  of  extraor- 
dinary industry.  His  reputation  as  an  indefatigable  worker  is 
not  equaled  by  any  man  in  Chicago,  and  Chicago  workers  beat 
the  world.  He  is  a  hard  student  and  is  particularly  interested 
in  questions  of  political  economy.  He  is  the  champion  of  the 
cumulative  voting  system.  In  questions  of  finance,  internal 
revenue,  and  civil  reform,  his  suggestions  have  been  of  large 
public  service  and  permanent  value.  He  is  one  of  the  principal 
proprietors  of  the  Chicago  Tribune. 


I-.F-  P 


OGGKTT. 


MR.  W.  E.  DOGGETT,  of  the  firm  of.Doggett,  Bassett  &  Hill, 
was  early  identified  with  the  business  interests  of  Chicago,  and 
was  among  the  first  to  manufacture  boots  and  shoes  in  the  West. 
Through  Mr.  DOGGETT'S  influence,  the  fellow  members  in  his 
line  of  trade  subscribed  largely  to  the  stock  of  the  Exposition. 
Mr.  DOGGETT  stands  high  as  a  citizen,  and  possesses  the  universal 
respect  of  the  community,  for  his  good,  sound  sense  and  his 
business  enterprise. 


I-  f  • 


OOLBAUGH. 


MR.  W.  F.  COOLBAUGH  has  been  a  prominent  man  before  the 
State  and  country  for  many  years.  He  is  considered  the  father 
of  the  banking  interests  of  Chicago,  and  has  been  identified 
with  the  city  from  its  earliest  start.  He  is  now  President  of 
the  Union  National  Bank,  and  is  about  fifty  years  of  age.  He 
lias  been  a  first-class  worker  in  the  Exposition  enterprise,  and 
has  given  it  the  strong  support  of  his  suggestions  and  personal 
influence. 


Chicago  and  her  Imposition. 


GEO,  W.  LYON. 


MR.  GEO.  W.  LYON  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
and,  as  the  leading  music  man  of  Chicago,  his  services  have 
been  found  to  be  invaluable  in  that  especially,  as,  also  in  many 
other  respects.  Mr.  LYON  is  a  native  of  Northboro,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  is  forty-two  years  of  age.  He  has  been  in  the 
music  business  for  twenty-five  years,  originally  in  Boston.  The 
firm  of  Lyon  &  Healy,  of  which  he  is  the  senior  member,  was 
established  in  Chicago  in  September,  1864.  Their  present  bus- 
iness is  said  to  be  the  largest  in  the  country,  with  possibly  an 
exception  in  favor  of  a  Boston  house.  Mr.  LYON  is  himself  an 
accomplished  musician,  plays  upon  every  instrument  with  the 
apparent  skill  of  a  master,  and  is  also  thoroughly  versed  in  the 
mechanism  of  all  musical  instruments.  The  firm  of  Lyon  & 
Healy  was  completely  burned  out  in  the  memorable  Drake 
block  conflagration  of  September  4,  1870,  and  again  in  the 
great  fire  of  '71.  Mr.  LYON  has  been  actively  connected  with 
the  Exposition  from  the  beginning  and  has  been  especially 
energetic  in  the  working  up  of  the  enterprise. 


J.  p.  J3 


RYAN. 


MR.  T.  B.  BRYAN  is  a  prominent  Chicago  capitalist,  and 
public-spirited  citizen.  He  has  all  along  manifested  the  great- 
est interest  in  the  success  of  the  Exposition,  but  on  account 
of  bad  health  has  been  unable  to  give  it  much  of  his  personal 
attention.  He  is  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  public-spirited 
citizens,  and  one  of  those  who  enjoy  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  the  whole  community. 


Sketches  of  the  Officers.  23 


ESING. 


MR.  A.  C.  HESING  is  the  President  of  the  Staats-Zeitung 
Printing  Company,  President  of  the  Teutonic  Life  Insurance 
Company,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of  a  Crystal 
Palace  at  Chicago.  He  was  president  of  the  board  of  subscri- 
bers, and  has  been  unceasing  in  his  attention  in  watching  and 
helping  along  the  enterprise.  As  a  publisher,  and  the  head  of 
the  Staats-Zeitung,  his  name  and  reputation  have  gone  before 
the  world.  Few  there  are  who  enjoy  the  confidence  and  trust  of 
a  people  equal  to  that  in  which  he  is  held  by  the  Germans. 
Aggressive  as  an  enemy,  practical  and  unfaltering  as  a  friend, 
his  record  commends  him  to  all  classes  in  the  community. 


HENRY  H-    TAYLOR. 


JIT. 


Of  MR.  HENRY  H.  TAYLOR,  it  can  be  said  that,  although 
not  the  originator  of  the  Exposition  movement,  he  was  the 
man  who  subsequently  took  hold  of  it  and  gave  it  shape,  mark- 
ing out  the  line  which  has  since  been  followed,  and  which  has 
brought  it  to  success.  MR.  TAYLOR  came  to  Chicago  in  the 
same  predicament  in  which  most  of  our  rich  and  responsible 
men  found  themselves  when  first  they  landed  within  the  lines 
of  the  Garden  City — poor.  But  he  was  one  of  those  peculiar 
people  which  some  unknown  force  seemed  to  attract  hither,  and 
whose  energy  and  far-reaching  sagacity  have  made  Chicago's 
reputation.  Mr.  TAYLOR  put  his  confidence  in  the  future  of 
the  city  and  he  has  been  munificently  rewarded.  The  firm  of 
C.  Aultman,  of  Canton,  Ohio,  made  him  general  agent  for 
their  threshing  machine,  and  the  now  celebrated  Buckeye 


24  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

Mower.  It  was  through  his  energy  and  ability  that  those  two 
enterprises  were  lifted  to  their  pre%ent  prosperity.  He  has 
been  subsequently  identified  with  agricultural  machinery  as  the 
junior  of  the  firm  of  Aultman  &  Taylor,  of  Mansfield,  Ohio, 
an  establishment  employing  six  hundred  men.  Mr.  TAYLOR  is 
now  the  treasurer  of  the  Elgin  Watch  Co.,  a  director  of  the 
Commercial  National  Bank  and  largely  interested  in  other 
financial  schemes  in  and  around  Chicago.  He  has  not  latterly 
figured  as  an  active  worker  in  the  Exposition  on  account  of 
ill-health,  which  has  required  his  absence  from  the  city. 


WlRJ 


DEXTER. 


MR.  DEXTER  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  is 
one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the  city.  His  integrity  and 
ability  have  secured  him  a  strong  position  in  the  front  rank  of 
his  fraternity.  He  is  a  wealthy,  public-spirited  and  valuable 
citizen.  Dexter  Park  and  the  celebrated  trotter  were  both 
named  in  his  honor.  He  has  given  the  Exposition  his  coun- 
tenance and  support,  and  has  been  one  of  its  firmest  friends 
from  the  start. 


T-f-f* 


ARVEY. 


MR.  T.  W.  HARVEY  was  one  of  the  most  promising  workers 
in  the  Exposition  movement  in  its  early  days,  but  he  was 
married  and  went  to  Europe.  He  is  a  young  man  and  an 
average  Chicagoan.  Poor  at  the  start,  but  raised  to  affluence 
in  a  short  while  by  his  own  unaided  ability,  he  now  enjoys  the 
unbounded  confidence  and  respect  of  the  community,  and  is 
one  of  the  main  dependencies  in  all  such  salutary  public  enter- 
prises as  the  Exposition. 


Sketches  of  the  Officers.  25 


HON.   PHAS.  B.  FAF\WELL. 

HON.  CHAS.  B.  FARWELL,  as  a  puolic  man,  is  too  well  known 
to  require  an  extended  personal  notice  here.  He  comes  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  Chicago,  and  has  been  identified  with  her 
interests  during  the  whole  of  his  life.  Mr.  FARWELL  is  about 
fifty  years  of  age,  and  has  often  been  honored  by  his  fellow 
<  itizens  with  positions  of  great  public  trust,  having  been  twice 
elected  to  the  National  Congress,  of  which  body  he  is  now  a 
member.  As  a  private  citizen  and  business  man,  he  is  univer- 
--.-.Uy  respected,  and  it  is  said  of  him  that  he  has  never  been 
known  to  violate  a  promise.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  the  Exposition,  and  has  aided  the  enterprise  with 
his  countenance  and  monev. 


LONRAD    fURST. 


f' 


MR.  CONRAD  FURST  is  of  the  well-known  firm  of  Furst  &: 
Bradley.  Mr.  David  Bradley,  the  junior  member,  was  one  of 
the  earliest  to  respond  to  the  call  for  an  Exposition  meeting. 
He  stood  not  from  under,  but  helped  bear  the  burden  when  the 
enterprise  was  in  its  infancy  of  doubt.  When  the  time  came 
for  organization,  and  it  was  intended  to  honor  him  for  his  zeal, 
by  a  prominent  position  among  the  officers,  he  declined  in 
favor  of  his  partner  and  senior,  who  was  placed  upon  the  Board 
of  Directors.  Mr.  FURST  has,  however,  been  no  less  energetic 
than  Mr.  Bradley,  and  has  done  valuable  work.  This  house  has 
just  acquired  great  honor  at  Vienna  by  their  magnificent  dis- 
play of  goods.  They  employ  four  hundred  men  in  their 
establishment  in  this  <  itv. 


26  Chicago  and  /u~r  Exposition. 


MARSHALL  FIELD. 

MR.  MARSHALL  FIELD,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Fiefd, 
Leiter  &  Co.,  is  one  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Exposi- 
tion, and  has  all  along  given  the  enterprise  his  strong  support 
and  influence.  His  partner,  Mr.  Leiter,  has  also  been  a  hard 
worker  in  its  behalf,  having  taken  a  book  and  canvassed  for 
subscriptions  among  his  fellow-business  men,  and  helped  the 
enterprise,  in  that  manner,  very  materially  in  its  early  days 
Mr.  FIELD  is  a  young  man  for  his  position  in  the  commercial 
world,  being  only  a  little  over  thirty,  but  is  a  shrewd,  far-seeing 
and  exact  man  of  business.  He  is  a  valuable  and  worthily 
respected  citizen. 


iJABOB     KOSENBERG. 

MR.  JACOB  ROSENBERG,  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the 
Exposition,  is  probably  the  oldest  not-native  born  citizens  of 
Chicago.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1843,  and  from  that  time 
until  1869 — twenty-six  years — was  in  the  jobbing  dry  goods 
business,  in  the  firm  of  Rosenfelt  &  Rosenberg.  Mr.  R.  has 
always  been  a  live,  go-ahead  citizen,  and  was  one  of  the  first,  as 
well  as  he  has  been  one  of  the  strongest,  advocates  and  most 
vigorous  supporters  of  the  Exposition  movement.  He  is  now  a 
retired  merchant,  but  still  keeps  an  anxious  eye  upon  the  growth 
and  welfare  of  the  city  with  which  he  had  so  much  to  do,  both 
in  his  youth  and  maturer  years.  Mr.  ROSENBERG  is  54  years  of 
age,  and  is  a  native  of  Bavaria. 

i 


Sketches  of  the  Officers.  27 


LHARLES  f  ARGO. 
1   )   •  ) 

MR.  FARGO  was  selected  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  to  represent  the  railroad  and  express  interests.  How 
well  he  has  performed  the  especial  duty  assigned  to  him,  is  told 
by  the  reduced  fares  and  freight  tariffs,  and  the  general  coopera- 
tion of  the  railroads  arid  express  companies  with  the  Exposition. 
As  a  citizen  of  Chicago,  Mr.  FARGO  bears  a  character  of 
unblemished  integrity.  In  the  rebuilding  of  the  city,  we  may 
cite  the  magnificent  structure  of  the  American  Express  Co.,  on 
Monroe,  near  State,  as  an  evidence  of  his  interest  in  its  growth 
and  welfare  as  well  as  architectural  beauty. 


jJAMES  'NoWLAN. 


We  would  be  unjust  to  our  work  were  we  to  close  this  por- 
cion  of  it  without  reference  to  one  to  whose  unfaltering  devotion 
and  unceasing  toil  the  consummation  of  the  great  enterprise  k 
almost  entirely  due.  In  all  projects  of  a  public  character 
where  the  general  good  is  at  stake  and  there  is  no  emolument, 
there  must  be  some  particular  and  enthusiastic  worker  to  furnish 
the  muscle,  as  it  were,  and  devote  his  whole  time  and  atten- 
tion to  the  urging  of  its  friends  and  the  pushing  along  of  its 
interests.  In  the  case  of  the  great  Chicago  Exposition,  this 
man  has  been  Mr.  JAMES  NOWLAN.  When  the  idea  first  sug- 
gested itself  to  Mr.  Bowen,  he  sent  for  Mr.  NOWLAN,  and 
turned  over  the  details  of  the  work  to  him.  It  was  an  oner- 
ous undertaking.  An  interest  had  to  be  worked  up,  and  the 
concordance  of  the  business  community  obtained. 

Mr.  NOWLAN*  is  a  newspaper  man  by  profession,  and  he  went 
to  work  by  writing  up  the  importance  of  the  enterprise  in  the 


28  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

city  papers.  Editorial  after  editorial  appeared,  and  being  sound 
and  sensible,  they  were  read  and  pondered  over  by  the  business 
community  until,  at  last,  the  time  was  ripe  for  the  circular  call 
for  the  first  meeting,  which,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Bowen, 
he  issued  over  his  own  name.  The  first  meeting  was  a  failure, 
there  being  only  two  citizens  present,  but,  nothing  disheartened, 
he  arranged  for  another  on  the  very  next  day.  This  he  kept 
up  until,  at  last,  at  the  Rice  &  Jackson's  Hall  meeting  there 
were  assembled  forty-five  of  the  leading  business  men  of  the 
city,  and  the  movement  became  an  assured  success.  He  then 
undertook  to  canvass  for  subscriptions,  and  by  his  own,  almost 
unaided,  efforts  raised  the  first  $150,000  of  the  stock.  Though 
not  appearing  in  the  list  of  the  managers  he  has  had  a  leading 
hand  in  the  shaping  of  the  enterprise. 

Mr.  NOWLAN  is  an  Irishman.  He  is  one  of  those  shrewd, 
thoughtful  and  pugnacious  Irishmen,  who  snatch  ahold  of  a 
good  thing  when  they  see  it,  and  never  let  go  until  it  is  com- 
pletely dead  or  a  complete  success.  He  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Dublin  thirty-nine  years  ago,  and  is  a  gradute  of  Trinity 
College.  He  came  to  this  country  in  1862,  smelt  Chicago 
as  soon  as  he  landed  on  the  shores  of  America,  and  came 
directly  here,  a  firm  believer  in  its  future,  and  willing  to 
commit  to  its  destiny,  the  fortunes  of  his  brain  and  muscle. 
As  a  newspaper  man  he  has  invariably  allied  himself  with  that 
arm  of  the  profession  which  devotes  itself  to  the  welfare  of  the 
commercial  community.  He  has  been  connected  with  the 
Spectator  and  the  Chronicle,  both  insurance  organs,  while  the 
Daily  Record,  The  Bureau,  a  tariff  paper,  and  the  Land- Owner 
have  all  benefited  by  his  services.  Whatever  the  Exposition 
or  its  history  may  be  hereafter,  there  is  no  question  that  its 
success  is  largely  due  to  the  efforts  of  Mr.  NOWLAN. 


THE  EXPOSITION  BUILDING. 


THIS  book  would  be  incomp.ete  without  a  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  the  magnificent  building  in  which  the  Exposition 
is  held.  The  work  was  begun  on  the  i6th  of  June,  and  the 
structure  was  completed  and  turned  over  to  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors on  the  25th  of  September.  The  plans  were  furnished  by 
Mr.  W.  W.  Boyington,  the  well  known  architect,  on  a  very 
short  notice,  and,  upon  their  completion,  were  almost  imme- 
diately accepted  by  the  Committee.  Mr.  W.  L.  Carroll  was 
appointed  Superintendent  of  Construction  on  the  part  of  the 
Board.  The  contractors  were  required  to  finish  the  building 
and  have  it  ready  for  occupancy  by  September  isth,  they  to 
receive  one  thousand  dollars  bonus -for  every  day  previous  to 
that  time  on  which  the  work  should  be  completed,  and  to 
pay  the  same  amount  for  each  day  they  work  beyond  the 
time.  Under  these  circumstances  the  work  progressed  with  all 
possible  rapidity,  the  contractors  putting  on  all  the  men  who 
could  find  room  to  work. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  contractors,  and  the  amount 
paid  each: 

O.  B.  Green,  piling , $     7,924.40 

Reeves  &  Wells,  masonry 21 ,399.00 

G.  H.  Lytle,  carpenter  work 124,800.00 

Dewey,  Jones  &  Co.,  galvanized  iron,  cornices,  and  tin 

work 37,766.00 

M.  W.  Powell  &  Co.,  composition  roofing 2,350.00 

James  H.  Rice,  glass 7,560.00 

Lester  &  Updyke,  glass 2, 125.00 

William  M.  Dee,  sewerage 500.00 

Boyington  &  Edwards,  plumbing 519.25 

E.  &  A.  Price,  smoke  stack 1 ,375  .00 

Union  Foundry  Works,  cast  iron •. 1 ,389.00 

Singer  £  Talcott  Stone  Co.,  cut  stone 396.50 


30  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

The  building  is  200  feet  wide  and  800  feet  long,  and  reaches 
from  Monroe  to  Jackson  street,  a  distance  of  two  blocks.  It 
is  as  large  as  the  Cincinnati  and  Louisville  expositions  put 
together,  and  the  old  Crystal  Palace,  New  Yorlj,  could  abe  set 
inside  of  it.  It  was  found  necessary  to  drive  piles  for  the 
foundation,  the  ground  being  "made."  These  piles  were  of 
oak,  a  little  less  than  two  feet  in  diameter,  and  twenty  feet  long. 
There  are  six  of  them  under  either  end  of  each  of  the  arches. 
making  over  three  hundred  of  them  used  for  this  purpose  alone, 
while  there  are  an  indefinite  number  under  the  other  founda- 
tions of  the  building. 

The  design  of  the  building  is  virtually  new,  none  of  its 
salient  features  having  been  copied  from  any  other  plan  of  a 
like  affair. 

The  rounded  roof  is  supported  by  forty-one  Howe  trusses, 
twenty  feet  apart.  The  six  piles  upon  which  either  end  rest.-., 
are  capped  by  oak  timbers  12x14  inches  in  thickness,  and  like 
the  caps  four  feet  in  length.  The  main  sills,  which  extend 
across  the  building  and  support  the  trusses  at  each  end,  rest 
side  by  side  upon  these  caps. 

The  spring  of  the  arch  is  placed  at  four  feet  above  the  floor, 
or  seven  feet  above  the  main  sill.  Each  truss  has  a  diameter  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  The  Distance  from  the  top  of  the 
arch  to  the  floor  is  eighty  feet.  These  trusses  are  composed  of 
three  thicknesses  of  inch-and-three-quarters  plank  for  the 
upper  and  lower  courses;  the  diagonal  braces  are  three 
by  twelve  inches.  For  the  first  twenty-eight  feet  in  height. 
on  either  end,  they  are  built  solid.  The  arches  are  sustained 
by  diagonal  tie-rods,  the  lower  rod  being  fifty-four  feet  from 
the  floor. 

The  back  walls  are  twenty-four  feet  in  height,  and  stand 
fifteen  feet  outside  of  the  line  of  the  trusses  foundation.  These 
are  the  exterior  walls  of  the  first  story.  Receding  from  these 
walls  are  a  "lean-to"  or  shed-roof,  touching  the  main  trusses 
or  the  spring  of  the  main  roof,  which  for  seventeen  feet  above  , 
the  point  of  contact,  is  built  of  hammered  glass.  The  rest  of 
the  roof  above  that  is  of  galvanized  iron. 


The  Exposition  Building.  3  r 

In  the  center  of  the  Michigan  Avenue  front  is  the  first 
projection,  three  stories  high,  twenty  feet  clear  of  the  main 
wall,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  long.  The  first  story 
has  an  altitude  of  twenty-four  feet;  the  second,  seventeen  ;  the 
third,  fourteen.  Over  the  third  story  is  a  pediment  or  gable- 
end  twenty-five  feet  in  height. 

There  is  a  carriage  drive  in  front  of  this  portico,  twenty 
feet  wide,  upon  which  open  large  entrance  doors.  Two 
double  windows  flank  the  doors  on  each  side.  Covering  the 
drive  is  the  balcony  of  the  second  story,  twenty  feet  wide  and 
eighty  long.  French  double  windows  open  from  the  second 
story  upon  the  balcony,  which  in  turn  is  covered  by  a  hand- 
some awning  suspended  from  above  the  windows  of  the  third 
story.  The  same  description  applies  to  each  of  the  two  other 
projections  situated  near  the  ends  of  the  building,  except 
that  they  are  twenty  by  eighty  feet  in  ground  measurement,  and 
that  three  doors  open  upon  the  carriage  drive  in  each  case 
instead  of  two  as  in  the  grand  portico. 

Back  of  the  Adams-street  entrance,  and  exactly  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  roof,  is  placed  a  grand,  twelve-sided  dome,  60  feet  in 
diameter,  with  forty  feet  perpendicular  height,  and  a  radius  of 
38  feet  8  inches  for  the  curve.  Above  the  perpendicular  part 
the  dome  is  38  feet  high,  making  a  total  height  from  the  top  of 
the  truss  to  the  base  of  the  lantern  of  75  feet.  The  lantern  is 
13  feet  in  diameter,  has  a  perpendicular  face  12  feet  high, 
covered  by  a  rounded  cover  8  feet  high.  From  the  apex  of  the 
lantern  springs  the  flag-staff  58  feet  high.  The  distance  from 
.the  ground  to  the  base  of  the  flag-staff  is  1 76  feet.  In  each 
base  of  the  circular  part  of  the  dome  and  lantern  is  aground 
dormer  window,  very  prettily  crested  and  ornamented  with 
galvanized  iron  work.  In  each  of  the  perpendicular  faces  is  a 
large  double  window.  From  the  north  and  south  sides  of  the 
grand  dome  a  ventilator  extends  along  the  roof  to  the  end 
domes:  this  ventilator  is  twelve  feet  high  and  26  feet  wide  ;  the 
sides  are  glass,  and  the  top,  which  is  supported  by  iron  posts  set 
ten  feet  apart  in  the  sides,  is  galvanized  iron.  Along  the  edge 
of  the  top  extends  an  ornamental  railing. 


32  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

The  end  domes  are  48  feet  square  and  32  feet  high,  to  the 
base  of  the  lantern  which  is  140  feet  above  the  floor.  The 
lanterns  have  each  a  height  superior  to  its  dome  of  16  feet,  so 
that  from  the  floor  to  the  summit  is  an  elevation  of  156 
feet. 

Under  the  centre  of  the  main  dome  is  a  magnificent  foim- 
tain  placed  in  the  middle  of  a  basin  forty  feet  in  diameter.  It 
is  profusely  ornamented  and  surrounded  by  the  rarest  plants  and 
flowers,  interspersed  with  statuary :  another  fountain,  scarcely 
less  elegant,  is  placed  under  the  south  dome  in  the  Floral 
Department. 

The  Art  Gallery  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  house,  directly 
opposite  the  grand  entrance ;  it  projects  from  the  wall  20  feet 
and  has  a  length  of  1 20  feet  north  and  south.  The  walls  run 
up  from  the  outside  to  a  height  of  34  feet,  10  feet  more  than 
the  main  wall.  Twenty-four  feet  in  width  of  room,  inside  the 
building,  is  taken  up  the  entire  length  of  the  Art  Gallery,  and 
thrown  into  it,  giving  it  a  floor  space  of  45x20  feet.  .  It  is 
handsomely  lighted  from  the  top,  and  the  walls  and  ceilings 
beautifully  frescoed.  The  Fine  Art  Department  is  the  only  one, 
however,  with  a  room  for  its  own  accommodation.  There  are 
but  two  rooms  in  the  entire  building;  one  for  general  exhibi- 
tion, and  the  other  for  the  Art  Gallery.  There  are  two  wide 
entrances  to  the  gallery  from  the  interior;  its  roof  is  known  as 
a  " square-hip"  roof. 

Access  to  the  second  story  gallery,  which  encircles  the 
interior  of  the  building,  is  provided  for  by  means  of  eighteen 
flights  of  stairs,  n  feet  wide,  railed  on  either  side,  and  with 
broad  half-landings.  The  gallery  is  25  feet  wide,  except  in  the 
3  porticos,  where,  over  the  grand  entrance,  it  is  80x120 
feet  in  size,  and  40x80  over  the  end  projection.  As  stated 
above,  the  trusses  are  built  solid  up  to  the  floor  of  this  gallery, 
from  which  they  pass  at  15  feet  from  the  outer  walls;  outside 
this  a  walk  10  feet  wide  is  left,  protected  on  the  edge  by  a  rail. 

The  space  inside  the  trusses — that  is  between  the  trusses  and 
the  wall — is  designed  for  exhibition  purposes.     The  who! 
very  firmly  supported. 


The  li.\ position  Building.  33 

The  third-story  gallery  is  confined  to  the  front  projections, 
making  three  very  handsome  little  alcoves  for  the  exhibition  of 
light  articles. 

The  building,  inside  and  out,  will  be  trimmed,  painted  and 
frescoed  into  becoming  beauty.  Ingress  and  egress,  light  and 
air,  are  provided  for  by  eighteen  doors  and  one  hundred 
and  fifty-two  windows. 

The  entire  available  space  for  purposes  of  display  is  five  and 
eight-tenths  acres.  The  floor  room  is  253,936.29  feet,  being 
over  half  more  than  contained  in  the  great  Crystal  Palace  of 
New  York.  It  covers  nearly  two  acres  more  than  the  Boston 
Coliseum;  has  nearly  100,000  feet  more  floor  space  than  the 
Cincinnati  Exposition  building,  leaving  out  our  galleries  and 
counting  theirs,  and  is  immeasurably  superior,  not  only  in  size, 
but  in  beauty  of  shape,  convenience,  durability,  and  general 
arrangement,  to  any  like  structure  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

The  building  is  put  upon  ground  which  was  donated  to  the 
city  of  Chicago,  by  the  general  Government,  for  the  purpose  of 
a  public  park.  Its  present  use  is  contrary  to  the  conditions  of 
the  transfer,  but  the  purpose  Js  such  a  laudable  one,  that  no 
one  can  raise  an  objection  to  the  continuance  of  the  building 
upon  its  present  site  after  the  year  has  expired — the  time  for 
which  the  City  Council  granted  its  use  to  the  Exposition. 
However,  it  is  so  constructed  that  it  may  be  taken  down  and 
removed  to  another  locality  at  comparatively  little  cost.  It  is 
such  a  beautiful  structure,  however,  and  such  an  ornament 
to  the  park,  and  so  much  in  keeping  with  the  general  idea 
of  the  public  beneficence  which  prompted  the  generous  act  on 
the  part  of  the  Government,  that  no  citizen  of  Chicago  or 
elsewhere  will  be  apt  to  raise  a  voice  against  it  and  demand  its 
removal.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  building  of  the  great  Inter- 
State  Industrial  Exposition  will  remain  upon  the  lake  front  for 
many  years  to  come. 


THE  CITY  AND  ITS  INTERESTS. 


THE  Exposition,  and  this  volume  relative  thereto,  will  serve 
a  valuable  purpose.  They  will  dispel  from  the  minds  of  a 
hundred  thousand  visitors  an  illusion,  within  which  half  of 
mankind  have  been  accustomed  to  dwell,  that  Chicago  is  a  mir- 
acle. A  god  and  a  queen,  Belus  and  Semiramis,  were  required 
to  build  Babylon ;  and  when  the  Norwegian  dreamer,  Frederika 
Bremer,  came  to  the  American  continent,  she  asked  to  be  taken 
to  Chicago,  "the  home  of  Loki  and  Thor,  the  Supernatural 
Forces."  The  half  of  mankind  that  have  not  considered 
Chicago  a  miracle,  have  looked  upon  it  as  a  marvelous  specula- 
tion, a  bubble,  oddly  enough,  that  had  not  burst  yet,  but 
certainly  would,  and  there  were  those  who  thought  that  fatal 
moment  had  come  on  an  October  night  two  years  ago,  when 

"  Homeless  twenty  thousand  homes  here  stood, 
And  twenty  thousand  tables  pined  and  wanted  food." 

The  poet  needs  amendment ;  when  Wadsworth  wrote,  there 
was  no  Chicago.  This  skeptical  class  are  already  disabused  ; 
eastern  Shylocks  of  twenty  years  ago,  who  looked  askance  at 
the  city  bonds,  were  among  the  first  to  telegraph  their  thou- 
sands of  dollars  for  real  estate  investment  last  November.  They 
thought  that  ashes  cooled  values,  and  that  central  sites,  whose 
impoverished  owners  were  necessarily  buried  beneath  unre- 
deemable mortgages,  would  gratefully  clutch  at  any  price 
represented  by  cash,  on  which  no  uncertain  future  would  pile 
the  profits  of  the  usurer.  They  found  few  front  feet  in  the 
market ;  values  went  up  instead  of  down  ;  yet  every  dollar 
planted  hath  grown  its  fruit. 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  35 

But  there  have  been  no  Supernatural  Forces;  no  Semiramis, 
no  Belus.  The  two  millions  of  workmen  whom  the  Queen's 
scepter  summoned,  like  soldiers,  from  all  parts  of  the  eastern 
empire  to  lay  the  foundations  of  Babylon's  walls  and  carve  its 
hundred  brazen  gates,  have  been  present  in  the  re-building  of 
Chicago,  for  steam  has  annihilated  time,  and  science  has  multi- 
plied human  hands,  and  what  was  accomplished  in  Babylon  in 
a  year,  has  been  wrought  in  Chicago  in  a  month.  Thor  and 
Loki,  the  Northern  Supernatural  Forces,  rendered  no  assistance ; 
nature,  pluck,  and  money,  three  intensely  realistic  agencies, 
have  done  it  all.  The  city  around  the  Exposition,  the  Expo- 
sition within  the  city,  are  the  proofs  and  the  monument. 

Chicago  is  simply  the  inevitable  result  of  a  prophetic 
intention.  When  God  dropped  the  lakes  into  their  places,  and 
unfolded  the  millions  of  acres  of  the  bursting  West  beyond 
them,  and  pressed  his  finger  at  the  base  of  the  great  lake, 
indenting  a  river  mouth,  He — speaking  with  reverence — He 
meant  business.  As  surely,  by  the  law  of  gravitation  the  apple 
fell  before  Newton's  eyes,  so  surely  was  a  great  city  to  rise  at 
the  river's  mouth  and  the  base  of  the  lake,  to  be  the  great 
clearing-house  between  the  producers  on  the  west  of  it  and  the 
consumers  of  the  entire  East.  It  is  a  Chicagoism  to  attribute 
the  sudden  and  indestructible  magnitude  of  the  city  to  the 
local  spirit,  clear-headed  and  tremendous  as  it  is.  It  is  a 
romance  of  the  rail  to  credit  the  railroads  with  the  achieve- 
ment ;  both  are  but  the  consequences  of  a  great  cause,  purely 
physical ;  the  one  the  agent,  the  second  the  carrier,  of  an  inex- 
haustible product  laid  at  the  city's  door  before  a  city  was  here 
to  handle  it,  a  product  constantly  augmented  by  the  muscle  of 
the  old  world,  tiding  constantly  to  the  untenanted  side  of  the 
new  ;  augmented  at  so  rapid  a  rate,  that,  despite  the  growth  of 
the  city,  despite  the  thousands  of  miles  of  swift  transportation 
added  each  succeeding  year,  despite  a  lake  marine  built  up 
season  after  season  in  defiance  of  the  tariff,  despite  partial 
famine  and  failures  of  crops  on  the  continent,  the  product  has 
swollen  until  it  begins  to  impoverish  the  producer,  and  has  out- 
stripped in  the  race  the  city  through  which  it  must  pass  as 


36  Chicago  and  her  Exposition, 

through  a  door.  Cowper  spoke  well  enough  when  he  said  that 
God  made  the  country  and  man  made  the  town  ;^  but  it  was 
agriculture  that  made  Chicago,  that  would  have  compelled  its 
making  by  the  next  generation,  if  the  one  that  founded  it  had 
failed  of  the  manifest  duty.  Neither  railroads — which  never 
go  except  when  they  are  wanted ;  nor  manufacturers,  which 
demand  pre-existing  natural  conditions;  nor  esprit-de-ville, 
which  could  not  be  found  and  has  merely  kept  abreast  with  the 
city  ;  nor  the  merchant  navy,  that  now  takes  up  its  march  from 
the  feeble  rivulet,  over  the  ocean,  to  the  gates  of  Liverpool, 
but  which  would  have  no  march  to  make  did  not  nature  supply 
the  cargo  on  the  western  wharf; — none  of  these  built  Chicago. 
It  was  the  golden  grain  that  1,500,000  square  miles  of  teeming 
soil  west  of  it  annually  produced,  a  production  whose  expanse, 
— to  be  every  year  expanded  further  through  a  period  practi- 
cally infinite, — can  best  be  judged  by  the  fact  that  while  in 
1850  the  lake  States  produced  forty  million  bushels  of  wheat, 
Chicago,  in  a  single  day  of  1873,  handles  half  a  million  bushels, 
and  at  a  -day  not  a  dozen  years  distant,  if  the  facilities  be 
increased  in  a  ratio  commensurate  with  the  supply,  will  easily 
ship  double  that  amount.  It  was  this  permanent  commerce — 
with  the  furnishing  of  which  Chicago  spirit  had  nothing  to 
do — that  laid  the  foundation  and  erected  the  walls  of  Chicago. 
It  was  as  the  carriers  of  this  commerce  that  railroads  spun  their 
wires  into  and  away  from  the  city,  rendering  Chicago  distinc- 
tively the  railroad  city,  Illinois  the  greatest  railroad  State  of 
the  world.  It  was  as  agents  and  brokers  of  this  permanent 
commerce  that  the  banks  cast  up  their  impregnable  piles  and 
excavated  their  vaults ;  as  tributaries  and  dependents  the  hotels 
expanded,  the  wholesale  houses  of  every  branch  of  trade  grew 
and  prospered,  manufactures  blackened  the  prairie  sky  with 
smoke,  and  every  form  of  human  toil  and  profit  lodged  itself 
here,  never  to  depart,  constantly  to  augment  its  usefulness  and 
increase  its  gains.  The  Exposition  is  but  a  bird's-eye  view 
of  this  material  progress. 

The  city  was  a  predestination.     She  reposes  on  a  rock,  not 
•'the  rock  whereon  greatest  minds  have  oftenest  wrecked'  — 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  37 

speculation — but  a  rock  firm  as  the  Peter  of  the  Scriptures  ; — a 
natural  necessity, — immovable,  to  endure  until  navigation  is 
closed  in  the  final  December;  until  the  "SHUT"  of  the  banks 
is  whirled  to  the  crystal  panel  for  the  last  time,  and  men  do  not 
return,  reading  the  morning  papers,  to  take  the  shutters  down. 

From  this  general  glance  at  the  predestined  city,  we  will  call 
the  reader's  attention  to  some  practical  tests  of  its  stability. 
The  destruction  of  Chicago  and  its  marvelous  replacement,  is  a 
story  not  unfamiliar  to  the  lips  of  the  most  unenlightened. 
We  desire  to  call  attention  to  some  of  the  more  prominent 
structures  and  businesses  in  the  new  city  of  commercial  palaces. 
We  desire  to  present  them  to  the  mind  of  the  stranger  into 
whose  hands  this  book  will  fall,  in  such  a  manner  that  he  will 
not  leave  the  city  without  going  to  see  them ;  and  having  gone 
to  see  them,  we  desire  that  this  book  shall  serve  to  furnish  him 
a  deal  of  information  in  regard  to  them,  which  he  could  not 
otherwise  obtain  without  much  annoying  inquiry,  and  an  im- 
mense amount  of  trouble. 

POTTER  PALMER  is  erecting  here  in  Chicago,  one  of  the  finest 
hotels  in  the  world.  It  is,  undoubtedly,  one  of  the  prettiest 
in  point  of  architecture,  in  this  country,  and  is  said  to  be  an 
almost  exact  copy  of  the  Palais  Royale  in  Paris.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  while  contemplating  the  erection  of  this  beau- 
tiful structure,  Mr.  P.  made  a  tour  of  Europe,  and  closely 
inspected  all  the  principal  hotels  in  England  and  on  the  conti- 
nent. It  is  very  natural  that,  having  decided  from  the  first  to 
build  a  hotel  unsurpassed,  he  should  have  collected  all  the  excel- 
lencies of  all  of  them  and  combined  them  in  his  plan  of  the 
magnificent  structure  which  graces  the  city  in  the  region  of 
State  and  Monroe  streets,  and  which  is  rapidly  approaching 
completion. 


Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 


'•VMf-^/i^Mj       Sjyn 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  39 

Of  the  public  buildings  of  the  new  city,  probably  the  one 
that  has  attained  the  widest  fame,  and  the  one  contemplated 
with  greatest  interest  by  the  general  community,  is  the  Grand 
Pacific  Hotel,  now  prominent  by  its  magnitude,  the  outward 
magnificence  of  its  architectural  form,  and  the  splendor  of  its 
internal  equipment,  among  the  great  and  notable  structures  of 
modern  times.  The  original  project  for  the  building  of  this 
great  edifice  was  formed  several  years  previous  to  the  fire, 
Mr.  H.  M.  Smith  procuring  a  charter  for  the  "Pacific  Hotel 
Company"  in  1868.  Studies  for  the  hotel  were  then  made  on 
an  elaborate  and  exhaustive  scale  among  the  great  cities  of 
Europe  and  America.  The  plans  then  adopted  and  followed  in 
the  construction  of  the  building  which  was  near  to  completion 
at  the  date  of  the  conflagration,  have  been  adhered  to  in  essen- 
tial particulars  in  the  second  great  structure. 

The  building  covers  an  entire  block  of  ground,  fronting  325 
feet  on  Jackson  street,  190  feet  on  Clark  street,  and  180  feet  on 
LaSalle  street.  The  style  of  the  building,  both  external  and 
internal,  is  modern  French.  The  cost  of  the  edifice,  by  the 
estimates  of  the  architect,  W.  W.  Boyington,  was  $1,000,000, 
exclusive  of  furniture,  decoration  and  equipment,  which,  with 
the  ground  at  a  reasonable  valuation,  would  aggregate  a  total 
cost  of  $2,500,000.  It  will  be  conceived,  readily  and  naturally 
enough,  that  to  bring  to  perfection  a  labor  of  such  magnitude — 
likely  to  stand  for  two  centuries  as  one  of  the  proudest  orna- 
ments of  this  imperial  city,  destined  to  renown  wide  enough  to 
traverse  the  seas  and  extend  around  the  world — that  the  manu- 
facturing enterprise,  mechanical  skill,  and  general  material 
wealth  and  resources  of  the  city,  have  been  levied  upon  some- 
what heavily. 

The  proprietors  of  the  Grand  Pacific  are  George  W.  Gage, 
David  A.  Gage  and  John  A.  Rice  ;  T.  B.  Gaskell,  manager  and 
steward  ;  T.  G.  Parker,  book-keeper ;  George  H.  Fassett  and 
S.  W.  Parker,  room  clerks ;  Jesse  Hepple,  late  of  the  Tremont, 
and  Charles  D.  Weatherbea,  cashiers;  John  Hickey,  night  clerk. 


Chicago  ami  licr  Exposition* 


T 


HE  NEW   SHERMAN. 


One  of  the  prominent  and  conspicuous  features  in  the  splen- 
did architecture  of  the  rebuilt  city,  and  one  that  will  be  a 
subject  of  interest  and  curiosity  to  the  great  public  of  strangers 
and  visitors  during  the  days  of  the  Exposition,  is  the  new  Sher- 
man House — on  the  old  site — corner  of  Clark  and  Randolph 
streets.  The  popularity  of  the  old  Sherman,  one  of  the  richest, 
handsomest,  best  managed,  and  most  elaborately  appointed 
hotels  in  the  world,  extended  over  more  than  one  continent, 
and  across  more  than  one  sea,  co-extensive  with  the  broad  fame 
of  the  city ;  and  the  destruction  of  the  proud  edifice  so  well 
remembered  as  a  princely,  beautiful  and  hospitable  home  by 
hosts  of  travelers  from  the  remotest  quarters  of  the  globe,  was 
lamented  to  the  bounds  of  civilization.  The  rebuilding  of 
that  great  public  home  became  a  subject  of  public  solicitude 
and  interest,  and  the  completion  of  the  present  edifice,  and  the 
opening  of  its  hospitable  doors  to  Chicago  and  the  world,  on 
the  loth  of  April,  last,  under  the  auspices  of  C.  S.  Munson, 
Esq.,  was  a  memorable  incident  in  the  history  of  modern 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  4 1 

hotels.  An  effect,  probably  never  produced  before  by  any  s'mi- 
lar  event,  was  that  the  opening  of  the  new  house,  on  a  scale  of 
luxurious  elegance  unparalleled  before  in  our  history,  instantly 
changed  the  rank  and  grade  of  all  the  hotel  establishments  in 
the  community. 

The  new  building,  costing  just  twice  as  much  as  the  former 
structure,  seven  stories  in  height,  of  a  beautiful  gray  free-stone, 
modern  Italian  in  style,  is  conspicuous  by  height  and  magnitude, 
the  perfect  unity  of  its  architectural  proportions,  and  the  classic 
style  of  decoration  visible  in  its  splendid  frontage.  It  has  been 
pronounced  the  handsomest  building  in  the  world,  while  in  fur- 
niture and  general  equipment  and  accommodation,  it  will  bear 
a  favorable  comparison  with  the  grandest  palaces  of  public 
entertainment  ever  opened  in  Europe  or  America. 

The  proprietor,  N.  C.  Munson,  Esq.,  is  a  Boston  capitalist. 
The  manager,  C.  S.  Munson,  Esq.,  brother  of  the  proprietor, 
has  been  for  twenty-two  years  a  resident  of  the  West.  His  rep- 
utation as  a  first-class  hotel-keeper  was  fully  and  permanently 
established  by  his  able  and  popular  management  of  the  late 
famous  Grand  Central  Hotel  on  Michigan  Avenue,  which  will 
be  remembered  by  the  great  community  of  travelers,  as  the 
best  furnished,  best  regulated  and  best  kept  hotel  in  Chicago  up 
to  the  date  of  the  opening  of  the  second  Sherman.  It  was 
with  an  eye  wide  open  to  business,  that  Mr.  C.  S.  Munson 
secured  the  lease  of  the  Sherman  House  at  an  early  day  after 
the  fire.  The  success  of  the  new  Sherman  has  been  beyond  the 
most  sanguine  expectations  of  its  proprietor  and  of  its  manager,, 
the  house  having  early  established,  even  among  Eastern  and 
rival  cities,  an  enviable  fame,  not  less  for  the  liberal  and  popu- 
lar plan  of  its  management,  than  the  costly  luxuriance  of  its 
equipment  and  furniture,  every  article  of  the  latter  having  been 
made  to  order  by  the  Chicago  manufacturers,  A.  L.  Hale  &  Bro. 


Chicago  ami  her  Exposition. 


BRIGGS  HOUSE. 

Among  the  great  hotels  which  have  united  their  attractions 
to  stimulate  the  growth  of  the  city,  is  tjie  time-honored  Briggs 
House,  one  of  the  deplorable  losses  in  the  great  conflagration, 
and  lately  rebuilt  in  an  improved  and  loftier  form,  and  after  the 
modern  plan.  Its  location,  corner  Fifth  Avenue  and  Randolph, 
directly  in  the  business  middle  of  the  city,  gives  it  a  commanding 
advantage.  The  Briggs  is  a  lofty  and  beautiful  edifice  of  light 
stone,  six  clear  stories  above  the  basement,  ,has  130  large  and 
airy  rooms,  with  a  strictly  modern  system  of  equipment,  furniture, 
and  hotel  accessories,  conveniences,  luxuries  and  appointments, 
including  splendid  passenger  elevator,  bath  rooms,  hot  and  cold 
water  for  every  room,  comfortable  parlors,  etc.  The  propri- 
etors, Messrs.  Edward  Rickords  and  A.  J.  Huntoon,  are  favorably 
known  to  the  world  of  travelers,  Mr.  Rickords  having  been 
long  connected  with  the  American  and  Clarendon  of  Buffalo, 
and  the  International  of  Niagara  Falls;  Mr.  Huntoon  for  eight 
or  ten  years  with  the  Fifth  Avenue  of  New  York. 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  43 


A.  W.  MILLER'S  MARBLE  PALACE. 

An  interesting  incident  in  this  final  period  of  reconstruction, 
constituting  a  new  date  in  the  history  of  the  jewelry  trade, 
just  as  the  new  city  is  receiving  its  finishing  touches  of  archi- 
tectural splendor,  is  the  completion  of  Mr.  A.  H.  MILLER'S  new 
ornamental  block,  Nos.  183,  185  and  187  Wabash  Avenue, 
designed  for  the  accommodation,  on  a  large  and  somewhat 
magnificent  scale,  of  Mr.  MILLER'S  great  popular  traffic  in  this 
important  branch  of  our  general  commerce.  The  building  is  a 
five-story  structure,  175  X5o  feet,  of  conspicuous  and  command- 
ing height,  fwith  a  wide  frontage  of  pure  and  classic  beauty, 
forming  a  conspicuous  ornament  in  the  most  splendid  neighbor- 
hood of  business  palaces  to  be  seen  on  the  continent,  with  an 
internal  construction  and  equipment,  and  a  general  splendor  of 
decoration,  finish,  fixtures,  furniture  and  appointments,  unsur- 
passed by  any  palace  of  jewelry  in  the  world.  Mr.  MILLER  will 
be  familiarly  remembered  by  a  whole*  public  of  friends  and 
acquaintances,  and  by  a  large  proportion  of  the  business  popu- 
lation of  the  Northwest,  as  the  oldest  practical  jeweler  in  our 
city,  and  as  proprietor,  in  the  days  long  preceding  the  great 
conflagration,  of  a  jewelry  palace  on  Randolph  and  Clark  street 
which  was  admired  as  a  public  ornament  and  a  public  attraction, 
and  surpassing  inv  the  wealth,  extent  and  variety  of  stock,  as 
well  as  in  the  general  outfit  of  the  premises,  any  similar  estab- 
lishment in  the  West.  Mr.  MILLER  began  the  business  in  the 
early  days  of  the  republic,  in  the  times  of  our  uncles  and  grand- 
fathers, under  the  old  Marine  Bank  on  La  Salle  street.  His 
location  afterwards,  and  for  many  years,  was  at  corner  Clark  and 
Lake  streets,  and  his  removal  thence  to  jnore  stately  quarters 
corner  Randolph  and  Clark,  constituted  a  memorable  incident 
in  our  local  history.  Previous  to  the  fire,  Mr.  MILLER  had  made 
elaborate  improvements  in  the  fixtures  and  equipments  of  his 


44  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

factory  and  salesrooms,  at  a  cost  of  $60,000.  His  losses  by  the 
ire  were  notably  severe  ;  all  of  his  stock  which  was  rescued 
from  conflagration  becoming  afterward  the  plunder  of  thieves. 
The  occupancy  of  this  splendid  edifice  by  Mr.  MILLER  as 
the  new  seat  and  headquarters  of  his  great  trade  in  jewelry, 
and  his  recent  opening  in  a  grandly  appropriate  style,  in 
keeping  with  the  magnificence  of  his  new  premises,  of  a  grand 
invoice  of  Foreign  and  American  jewelry,  embracing  every 
modern  feature  of  the  business,  in  gold  and  silver  and  diamond, 
as  well  as  an  immense  outfit  in  fancy  and  toilet  articles  appro- 
priate to  the  department,  is  an  incident  of  public  interest, 
entitling  him  to  public  congratulation,  and  a  popular  welcome 
back  again  to  the  rebuilt  district. 


THE  BOWEN  BLOCK. 


ENOS  BROWN  &  CO. 

The  Bowen  block,  known  to  the  community  as  the  seat  of  a 
considerable  manufacturing  interest  and  of  several  departments 
of  commerce,  in  which  are  located  the  Chicago  Wool  House  of 
Enos  Brown  &  Co.,  the  great  auction  salesrooms  of  William  A. 
Butters  &  Co.,  the  Harris  Safe  Factory,  and  the  office  and  head- 
quarters of  Messrs.  Sargent,  Greenleaf  &  Brooks,  for  the  exposi- 
tion and  sale  of  the  far-famed  Sargent  &  Greenleaf  locks  and  that 
most  admirable  and  useful  invention,  the  patent  adjustable  elbow, 
is  located  on  Randolph  street,  between  Wabash  and  Michigan 
avenues.  The  house  of  Enos  Brown  &  Co.,  (Enos  Brown, 
James  H.  Bowen,  George  S.  Bowen,  Chauncey  T.  Bowen),  oc- 
cupying that  portion  of  the  block  included  in  19  and  21  Ran- 
dolph street,  was  organized  in  1869  for  the  transaction  of  a 
general  business  in  cotton  and  wool  manufacturers'  supplies, 
dye-stuffs  and  wool  and  woolen  goods.  The  sales  the  first  year 
amounted  to  but  $75,000.  but  were  developed  in  a  very  brief 
period  to  large  proportions,  increased  facilities  being  from  time 
to  time  necessary  to  manipulate  the  increasing  trade.  In  1870 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  ^c 

the  firm  assumed  the  wool  business  of  Reynolds,  Reed  &  Co., 
passed  through  the  fire  with  terrible  losses  but  resumed  imme- 
diately after  promptly  meeting  all  liabilities  in  full  and  trasacted 
the  first  year  after  the  fire  a  business  of  $1,000,000.  Enos 
Brown  &  Co.  handle  wool  after  a  somewhat  comprehensive 
fashion,  the  business  being  of  a  more  general  and  thorough 
character  and  combining  a  greater  variety  of  operations  than 
any  similar  establishment  in  the  country,  combining  a  very 
large  traffic  as  wholesale  dealers  in  the  raw  material  of  wool 
with  building  factories  for  making  the  goods  and  then  selling 
the  manufactured  products,  so  that  farmers  wanting  to  know 
where  their  wool  all  goes  to  and  merchants  curious  to  know 
where  their  woolen  fabrics  come  from,  find  a  solution  of  their 
problems  at  the  same  place.  Dimensions  of  the  block,  120  by 
158  feet ;  five  stories  and  basement. 

HARRIS'  SAFE  MANUFACTORY 

is  also  located  in  the  Bowen  block,  (23  and  25  Randolph) 
the  first  floor  being  used  as  exhibition  and  salesroom  and  the 
upper,  floors  for  the  factory.  Several  years  previous  to  the  fire, 
Mr.  S.  H.  Harris  was  engaged  in  business  in  Chicago  as  agent 
for  a  celebrated  safe  manufactory  in  Boston.  Believing  that  he 
could  effect  some  important  practical  improvements  in  safes, 
Mr.  Harris  undertook  the  business  of  manufacturer.  Turning 
out  the  first  year  twenty-five  of  those  model  safes  which  have 
since  given  so  much  satisfaction  to  our  merchants  and  bankers, 
who  now  give  them  preference  over  all  others  of  eastern  or  out- 
side manufacture,  the  capacity  of  the  factory,  under  the  steady 
encouragement  extended  to  him,  has  increased  to  proportions 
that  now  enable  him  to  turn  out  work  to  the  amount  of  near 
$500,000  per  annum,  in  safes  and  the  iron  works  of  fire  and 
burglar  proof  vaults.  The  Harris  safes  stood  the  test  of  the 
great  fire  triumphantly,  have  given  eminent  satisfaction  to  the 
mercantile  community,  and  afford  a  good  illustration  of  our 
home  talent  and  home  resources  for  competing  with  the  world 
in  manufactures. 


1 46  Chicago  and  her  Reposition. 

SARGENT,  GREENLEAF  &  BROOKS, 

also  have  their  office  and  headquarters  in  the  Bowen  block,  (first 
floor,  25  Randolph  street).  They  combine  the  sale  of  the  Sar- 
gent &  Greenleaf  combination  and  key  locks  with  the  manufac- 
ture and  sale  of  the  patent  adjustable  elbow  for  stoves,  furnaces, 
conductors  and  other  pipes.  This  manufacture  commenced  in 
October,  1872,  and  their  elbows,  which  now  rank  among  the 
great  modern  inventions,  are  used  in  every  section  of  the  whole 
wide  land.  The  elbow  factory  is  on  the  upper  floor  of  the  Bowen 
block.  Sargent  &  Greenleaf  manufacture  their  locks  at  Roch- 
ester, N.  Y.,  and,  in  addition  to  their  office  here,  they  have 
salesrooms  in  Boston,  New  York,  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco. 
Their  celebrated  combination  lock  is  now  adopted  by  the  U.  S. 
Government  and  used  by  the  heaviest  banks  and  business  houses 
in  the  country.  Their  beautiful  mortise  key  locks,  with  their 
small  flat  keys,  are  becoming  universal  favorites,  and  can  be 
seen  on  the  finest  blocks  and  buildings  of  rebuilt  Chicago. 

THE  OLDEST  AUCTION  HOUSE  IN  THE  WEST. 

The  east  division  of  the  Bowen  block,  included  in  Nos.  15  and 
1 7  Randolph  street,  is  occupied  as  the  auction  salesrooms  and 
commission  house  of  William  A.  Butters  &  Co.,  the  oldest  and 
wost  extensive  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the  West.  The  firm 
was  organized  near  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  in  the  old 
McCarthy  building,  99  Dearborn  street,  the  sales  of  general 
merchandise,  and  latterly  of  real  estate,  reaching  since  that  date 
the  enormous  aggregate  of  over  $60,000,000.  Mr.  Butters  was 
officially  appointed  auctioneer  of  the  grand  Exposition. 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  47 


PHINA,   CROCKERY  AND   GLASSWARE, 

IRA  P.   BOWEN  &  CO. 

In  that  very  interesting  and  very  important  department  of 
commerce,  included  in  china,  glassware  and  crockery,  the  firm 
of  Ira  P.  Bowen  &  Co.  may  properly  be  mentioned  as  repre- 
senting popular  interests  in  this  branch  of  trade.  The  house  is 
a  succession  in  regular  line  to  the  ancient  firm  of  Bowen  Bros., 
afterwards  Bowen,  Whitman  &  Winslow,  then  Byrne,  Bowen  & 
Co.,  the  last  in  the  succession  preceding  the  present  firm.  Ira 
P.  Bowen  &  Co.  were  located  at  the  date  of  the  great  conflagra- 
tion at  107  Wabash  avenue,  their  store  in  those  days  being 
regarded  as  the  headquarters  of  the  community  generally  for  the 
finer  class  of  china,  glasswares  and  crockery  merchandise.  The 
firm  now  occupy  the  spacious  and  handsome  four-story  edifice, 
262  and  264  Wabash  avenue,  the  first  floor  affording  a  mammoth 
private  "exposition"  of  plain  and  fancy  goods  in  china  and 
glass  and  other  wares,  lamp  goods,  silver-plate  ware,  kerosene 
chandeliers,  decorated  china  sets  of  matchless  beauty  and  in 
bewildering  variety,  varying  from  $55  to  $500,  white  china  sets 
of  150  pieces,  all  for  $35,  specialties  in  table  sets,  cologne 
sets,  vases,  smoking  sets,  toilet  bottles,  jardeniers,  fancy  lamps, 
etc.  The  upper  floors  of  the  building  are  devoted  principally 
to  -the  storage,  exposition  and  sale  of  goods  more  appropriate  to 
the  jobbing  trade.  The  establishment  is  provided  with  a  very 
full  and  very  elaborate  outfit  in  hotel  goods,  and  has  furnished 
the  kitchens  and  dining  rooms  of  many  of  our  new  hotels  their 
equipment  in  glass,  china  and  crockery.  Their  display  of 
wares  at  the  grand  Exposition  will  attract  general  attention. 
Strangers  visiting  the  city  during  the  days  of  the  Exposition, 
especially  hotel -keepers  and  house-keepers,  will  find  much  to 
attract  and  please  and  interest  them  in  the  magnificent  display 
of  all  varieties  of  the  merchandise  named  above,  at  Ira  P. 
•Bowen  &  Co.'s. 


48  Chit,  ago  and  htr  Exposition. 


BABCOCK  FIRE  ENGINE  WORKS. 

No  manufacturing  company  in  existence  has  come  to  be 
better  known  throughout  the  country  than  the  Babcock  Manu- 
facturing Company,  whose  portable  extinguisher  is  accepted 
as  one  of  the  great  necessities  of  the  age,  an  invention  that 
contemplates  the  practical  good  of  the  race,  and  has  now  a  sale 
and  use  wherever  there  are  such  signs  of  civilization  as 
cook  stoves  or  sewing  machines.  Any  notice  of  the  manufac- 
turing interests  of  the  great  new  city  would  be  imperfect  with- 
out mention  of  the  manufactory  of  the  Babcock  Company, 
corner  Desplaines  and  Mather  streets.  Though  an  original 
Chicago  organization,  the  operations  of  the  company  embrace 
a  national  territory,  and  is  sustained  by  a  national  patronage, 
extending  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco,  so  that  the  Babcock 
Extinguisher  has  Become  familiar  wherever  there  is  property 
enough  to  make  fire  a  formidable  enemy  to  society.  The 
sales  of  the  portable  machines  average  nearly  twelve  thousand 
annually,  while  the  large  fire  and  stationary  engines,  now 
accepted  by  private  corporations  and  the  fire  authorities  of  our 
cities  and  towns  as  a  great  improvement  over  all  former  inven- 
tions, cannot  be  manufactured  fast  enough  to  supply  the  de- 
mand. Lately  the  company  have  increased  their  manufacturing 
facilities  by  the  erection  of  an  additional  factory,  employing 
two  hundred  and  fifty  hands.  Nearly  every  insurance  company 
in  the  land  have  advocated  the  use  of  the  Babcock  fire  apparatus; 
the  U.  S.  Government  has  adopted  it,  supplying  all  the  great 
military  posts  with  it,  and  the  public  opinion  of  the  world  has 
endorsed  it.  Its  principle  is  as  follows  :  Carbonic  acid  gas  is 
heavier  than  the  atmosphere.  Fire  is  the  combustion  of  oxygen, 
and  cannot  burn  a  second  without  oxygen.  The  contents  of 
the  Extinguisher — a  liquid  gas  many  times  more  dense  than  air 
— shut  off  the  supply  of  oxygen  and  instantly  smother  the  fire. 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  49 

rowing  a  compound  as  harmless  as  water,  it  will  concentrate 

.jon  the  fire  five  times  the  quantity  of  carbonic  acid  gas  that 

can  be  applied  in  any  other  way.     The  splendid  new  offices 

and  exposition  rooms  of  the  company  are  in  Tuthill  King's 

block,  northwest  corner  of  Washington  and  Dearborn  streets. 


THE  WESTERN  NEWS   POMPANY. 

The  Western  News  Company,  who  are  probably  known  to  a 
larger  public  and  who  hold  wider  actual  relations  with  the  mer- 
cantile communities  of  Chicago  and  all  the  Northwest  than  any 
other  business  corporation,  have  occupied  since  early  in  April 
their  new  edifice,  Nos.  42  and  44  East  Randolph  street,  a  capa- 
cious four-story  building,  50  x  104  feet  dimensions,  beautiful 
white  stone  front,  and  designed  and  constructed  with  special 
reference  to  the  convenient  manipulation  of  a  traffic  in  news, 
periodicals,  school  books,  stationery,  and  general  literature, 
which  has  been  developed  in  a  brief  history  of  about  twelve 
years  into  gigantic  and  national  proportions. 

The  Western  News  Company  is  a  succession  to  the  private 
business  of  John  R.  Walsh  (now  President  of  the  company), 
who  inaugurated  a  retail  trade  in  periodical  literature  and  sta- 
tionery in  March,  1861,  at  the  corner  of  Custom  House  Place 
and  Madison  street — and  seems  to  have  been  organized  upon 
the  idea  of  reducing  the  news  business,  with  its  accessory  fea- 
tures of  stationery,  school  books  and  general  literature,  to  a 
system  and  a  convenience  on  a  public  and  universal  scale,  the 
news  business  having  been,  up  to  the  date  of  this  organization, 
without  system,  without  method,  without  a  Western  center  or 
headquarters.  It  was  to  reduce  this  vast,  unlimited  but  loose, 
irregular  and  scattered  traffic  into  a  legitimate  department  of 
commerce,  and  to  establish  channels  in  a  thousand  directions 
for  a  wholesale  trade  that  would  supply,  with  the  regularity, 


5O  Cliicago  and  her  Exposition. 

economy  and  convenience  of  method  and  management,  a  nation 
of  dealers  and  patrons,  representing  the  territory  of  a  dozen 
populous  states,  with  the  staple  products  of  literature.  This 
idea  has  been  developed  to  a  practical  triumph  of  immense 
significance  having  a  direct  bearing  upon  the  interests  of  a  great 
public,  and  the  Western  News  Company,  in  addition  to  a  wide, 
popular  traffic  in  school  books,  school  equipments  and  general 
literature,  are  now  in  absolute  control  of  the  news  business  of 
the  entire  Northwest,  with  a  patronage  numbering  thousands  of 
names,  and  supplying  every  dealer  in  a  range  of  many  hundred 
of  miles.  The  new  building  and  headquarters  of  the  company 
will  be  one  of  the  popular  objects  of  interest  and  curiosity  to 
visitors  during  the  Exposition. 


FINE  FT 


URNITURE. 

A.  L.  HALE  &  BRO. 


Of  the  endlessly  varied  assortment  of  goods  and  wares 
selected  from  our  stores  and  factories,  and  conspicuously  dis- 
played at  the  Exposition,  as  specimen  products  of  the  taste, 
skill,  enterprise  and  resources  of  a  great  practical,  mercantile 
and  manufacturing  city,  no  exhibition  will  excite  more  general 
admiration  than  the  display  of  household  furniture,  including 
splendidly  ornamental  chamber  sets,  from  the  furniture  manufac- 
tory and  salesrooms  of  A.  L.  Hale  &  Brother,  Chicago.  This 
great  factory,  where  was  turned  out  all  the  gorgeous  furniture  of 
the  new  Sherman  House  (claimed  to  be  the  finest  and  costliest 
hotel-outfit  in  the  world),  has  achieved  a  wide  and  enviable  dis- 
tinction among  the  furniture-dealers  of  the  country,  not  less  by 
the  honest  and  substantial  quality  of  mechanical  workmanship 
characteristic  of  their  wares,  than  by  the  cultivated  taste  and 
high  and  elaborate  finish  of  the  vast  quantities  of  fine  and  fancy 
work  turned  out  by  them,  whether  on  special  orders  of  hotels 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  5 1 

and  housekeepers,  or  the  general  demand  of  retailers  and  job- 
bers of  furniture.  The  magnificent  specimens  of  their  manu- 
facturing skill  on  display  at  the  Exposition,  and  which  will  give 
them  a  favorable  comparison  with  the  oldest  and  most  renowned 
factories  of  Europe  and  our  eastern  cities,  will  bring  the  house 
still  more  prominently  before  the  public.  The  great  wholesale 
and  retail  furniture  house  of  A.  L.  Hale  &  Bro.  is  located  at  10, 
12,  14  and  16  North  Canal  street.  The  building  is  one  of  great 
capacity,  five  stories  and  basement,  of  quadruple  width  and  over 
200  feet  depth.  All  this  vast  space,  with  the  exception  of  the 
fifth  floor  devoted  to  manufacturing  and  finishing,  is  used  for 
storage,  display  and  sale,  in  vast  amounts,  of  their  magnificent 
manufactured  wares.  An  item  illustrating  the  magnitude  of  the 
stock  commonly  on  storage,  is  a  constant  average  of  seven  or 
eight  hundred  chamber  sets,  a  large  proportion  being  ornate 
and  highly-finished  patterns. 

The  firm  of  A.  L.  Hale  &  Bro.  enjoy  a  reputation  as  manu- 
facturers of  fine  furniture,  extending  to  the  remotest  points  of 
the  Northwest ;  and  among  special  orders  which  the  house  is 
now  filling,  from  a  distance,  is  a  heavy  order  for  supplying  the 
entire  outfit  of  the  U.  S.  Custom  House  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 
All  the  furniture  of  the  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  in  the  suburbs, 
has  also  been  ordered  from  this  house,  and  is  now  being  manu- 
factured. Visitors  to  the  city,  feeling  an  interest  in  this  impor- 
tant branch  of  our  manufactures,  will  find  abundant  entertain- 
ment in  a  visit  to  the  factory  and  salesrooms,  10,  12,  14  and  16 
North  Canal  street. 


5  2  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 


THE  LARGEST  BUSINESS  IN  THE  WORLD. 

Chicago  now  boasts  of  a  music  warehouse  that  does  a  larger 
general  trade  in  pianos  than  any  other  establishment  in  the 
world,  a  larger  monthly  and  yearly  average  of  sales  being 
made  at  the  great  piano  and  organ  warerooms  of  W.  W.  Kim- 
baii,  corner  State  and  Adams  street,  than  at  any  similar  house 
in  Europe  or  America.  Mr.  Kimball,  aside  from  the  agency  of 
Smiths'  American  Organ,  the  Great  Union,  the  Kimball  and 
other  pianos,  has  long  been  the  exclusive  wholesale  agent,  for 
the  Northwest,  of  the  Hallet  &  Davis  Piano  of  Boston,  the 
finest  musical  instrument  in  the  world.  For  the  convenience 
of  persons  desiring  special  accommodations,  Mr  Kimball  has 
inaugurated  a  popular  system  of  renting  and  sales  by  monthly 
or  quarterly  instalments.  Visitors  during  the  Exposition  will 
always  be  sure  of  a  cordial  welcome  and  polite  attentions  at  the 
great  piano  warehouse. 


LURIOSITIES  IN  JEWELRY. 

The  display  of  fine  jewelry,  silverwares  and  fancy  articles  at 
the  Exposition,  by  the  Chicago  firm  of  A.  B.  Van  Cott  &  Co., 
No.  124  State  street,  includes  many  splendid  specimens  of  taste 
and  invention  in  that  finest  of  all  the  mechanical  arts,  and  will 
attract  the  attention  of  all.  The  list  includes  a  great  variety  of 
massive  and  solid  silver  table-wares,  noticeable  among  which  are 
a  beautiful  solid  silver  pitcher  with  two  goblets,  price  $350 ;  a 
dining  set  of  160  pieces,  in  an  elegant  wooden  case  lined  with 
satin,  valued  at  #850 ;  one  solid  tea  set,  price  $700;  an  engi- 
neer's silver  inkstand,  a  graceful  and  delicate  piece  of  workman- 
ship, finely  worked  and  tastefully  embellished,  appropriate  for  a 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  5  3 

masonic  or  other  presentation,  price,  $250;  butter  cup,  salt  and 
egg  spoon  set,  price,  $150  ;  boquet  holders,  fish  knives,  etc.,  a 
silver  berry  dish,  $125  ;  nut  spoon  and  picks,  $90;  set  of  ice 
cream  spoons  $100;  fine  Jurgensen  sporting  watches,  stem-wind- 
ers, $450  to  ^550 ;  a  pearl  cross,  decorated  with  small  diamonds, 
a  gem,  $450.  The  list  also  includes  several  curiosities  and  won- 
ders of  mechanical  invention  ;  larks  and  blue-birds  with  curious 
attachments, which  enable  them  to  open  their  bills  and  warble  and 
sing  with  clear  voices  the  natural  notes  of  the  wilderness ;  Geneva 
clocks  which  perform,  in  addition  to  turning  hour  and  minute 
hands,  a  multitude  of  other  and  useful  functions,  indicate 
changes  of  the  moon,  the  day  of  month  and  week,  changes  of 
temperature  and  of  weather,  by  barometer  and  th'ermometor,  etc. 
The  firm  of  A.  B.  Van  Cott  &  Co.  was  originally  a  New 
York  house,  and  was  organized  just  half  a  century  ago.  The 
house  has  been  known  in  the  West  since  1844,  the  location  in 
Chicago  at  the  date  of  the  conflagration,  as  all  will  remember, 
being  at  No.  107  Lake  street.  The  new  quarters  of  the  firm 
are  in  the  beautiful  marble  building  No.  124  State  street.  The 
house  has  been  justly  celebrated,  during  a  period  of  many  years, 
for  the  taste  and  elegance  of  their  solid  silver  wares ;  fine  dining 
sets  having  always  been  made  a  specialty.  Their  assortment  of 
bronzes  and  French  clocks  is  considered  also  equal  to  that  of 
the  largest  houses  in  New  York  and  the  East.  The  firm  deal 
largely  iri  Swiss  and  American  watches,  diamonds,  and  fancy 
jewelry  in  all  its  branches. 


POPULAR    AMUSEMENTS. 

FOLEY'S  BILLIARD  HALL. 

No  general  description  of  the  improvements  and  charac- 
teristic features  of  the  new  city  would  be  complete  without 
reference  to  institutions  established  in  the  interest  of  popular 


54  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

amusements,  and  a  brief  notice  of  Foley's  palace  billiard  hall, 
on  Clark  street,  will  be  appropriate  to  this  connection  as  special 
and  representative  in  character,  and  illustrating  the  modern 
tone  and  large  and  generous  style  that  distinguishes  every  de- 
partment of  industry  and  enterprise,  not  less  than  the  splendid 
architecture  that  has  carried  the  fame  of  our  new  streets  and 
avenues  around  the  world.  Foley's  billiard  hall  is  regarded  as 
the  handsomest,  best  equipped,  most  thoroughly  appointed 
establishment  of  the  kind  on  the  continent,  none  of  the 
Eastern  palaces  erected  in  the  interest  of  this  popular  game  be- 
ing of  a  character  to  rival  the  costly  magnificence  of  its  accom- 
modations, the  architectural  splendor  of  the  apartments,  the 
gorgeous  decoration  of  the  walls  and  ceiling,  or  the  modern 
elegance  of  its  furniture  and  fixtures.  The  hall  is  one  of  great 
magnitude,  with  nearly  ten  thousand  square  feet  of  floor,  with 
high  frescoed  ceilings,  like  the  ceilings  of  a  church,  and,  but 
for  the  presence  of  the  green  cloth  and  billiard  furniture,  would 
present  the  aspect  of  a  magnificent  chamber  of  commerce. 
Some  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  accommodations  may  be  formed 
from  the  book-keeper's  record,  indicating  an  average  of  over 
eight  hundred  games  daily,  during  the  busy  days  of  the  season. 
A  feature  of  the  hall  is  a  handsome  gallery  of  appropriate 
dimensions,  at  the  west  end  of  the  saloon,  for  the  regular 
accommodation  of  lady  spectators.  This  practical  courtesy  to 
the  ladies  of  Chicago  has  met  a  hearty  appreciation,  and  on 
the  occasion  of  two  memorable  matinees  tendered  them  by  Mr. 
Foley,  on  the  28th  of  January  last,  the  day  of  opening,  and  on 
the  ist  of  the  present  month  of  September,  the  great  hall  was 
thronged  by  the  light  feet  of  a  thousand  fair  women,  to 
whom  billiards  had  heretofore  been  a  mystery  or  a  forbidden 
enchantment. 


The  City  and  its  Interests,  5  5 


f 


IELD,  LEITEF^ &  Co. 


The  dry  goods  house  of  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.,  of  Chicago, 
in  the  magnitude  of  its  business,  is  the  third  largest  of  the  kind 
in  America,  and  when  that  is  said  it  means  the  third  largest  in 
the  world,  for  there  are  no  establishments  in  Europe  which  can 
compare  with  H.  B.  Claflin  &  Co.,  and  A.  T.  Stewart  of  New 
York,  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.,  of  Chicago,  or  houses  of  even  two 
or  three  degrees  lesser  extent  in  this  country.  In  a  synopsis  of 
the  business  interests  of  Chicago,  the  subject  of  this  article  very 
naturally  occupies  the  most  prominent  position,  for  it  stands, 
in  fact,  at  the  Very  head  and  front  of  all  the  financial  under- 
takings of  the  city.  The  name  of  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.  is  almost 
as  familiar  to  the  country  as  Chicago  itself. 

Before  passing,  in  this  hasty  sketch,  to  speak  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  firm,  it  will  interest  the  reader  to  give  an  idea  of 
its  origin.  Mr.  Field  and  Mr.  Leiter  are  both  young  men. 
They  were  both  in  the  firm  of  Cooley,  Wadsworth  &  Co.,  on 
Lake  Street,  many  years  ago,  Mr.  Field  being  salesman  and  Mr. 
Leiter  in  the  office.  When  the  firm  name  became  Cooley,  Far- 
well  &  Co.,  Messrs.  Field  and  Leiter  were  partners,  and  re- 
mained so  when  the  name  was  again  changed  to  Farwell,  Field 
&  Co.  In  1863  they  retired,  and  formed  the  present  firm  of 
Field,  Leiter  &  Co.,  buying  out  Potter  Palmer  on  Lake  street. 
From  Lake  street  they  moved  to  the  corner  of  State  and  Wash- 
ington, where  they  remained  until  the  fire,  when  they  were 
swept  away  with  the  rest  of  the  business  portion  of  the  city. 
Ten  days  after  the  fire  they  commenced  building  at  the  corner 
of  Madison  and  Market,  and  opened  their  new  store  there  on 
the  4th  of  March  following.  This  structure,  which  is  of  red 
brick,  is  200  feet  front  by  90  feet  deep,  and  is  five  stories  high. 
It  has  heretofore  comprised  both  the  wholesale  and  retail  de- 
partments, but  after  the  removal  of  the  retail  department  to  the 


56  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

new  building  at  State  and    Washington,  it  will    be   devoted 
entirely  to  the  wholesale  branch  of  the  business. 

.  Messrs.  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.  expect  to  move  into  their  new 
building  about  the  ist  of  October.  It  will  be  the  finest  re- 
tail store  and  building,  for  that  purpose,  in  the  world,  with 
the  exception  of  A.  T.  Stewart's  in  New  York.  The  first 
floor  will  be  devoted  to  general  dry  goods ;  the  second  to 
shawls,  cloaks,  suits,  furs,  ladies  and  children's  underwear, 
mourning  goods,  woolens,  etc.;  the  third  to  carpets  and  uphol- 
stery; and  the  fourth  and  fifth  to  the  manufacturing  of  goods. 
Their  wholesale  and  retail  buildings  are  connected  by  an  inde- 
pendent line  of  telegraph. 

This  firm  does  a  business  amounting  to  twenty  millions  a 
year.  They  employ  one  thousand  men  and  one  thousand  sew- 
ing women.  They  have  offices  in  Manchester,  England,  in 
Paris,  and  at  different  points  in  this  country,  where  their 
agents  are  constantly  purchasing.  It  is  a  fact  certainly  worthy 
of  remark,  that  they  do  an  entirely  cash  business,  their  agents 
in  both  countries  paying  for  the  goods  when  the  transactions 
are  made.  The  stables  of  the  firm  in  this  city  contain  over 
eighty  horses,  all  used  in  the  business,  and  they  comprise  some 
of  the  finest  stock,  for  that  purpose,  in  the  country. 

All  in  all,  the  firm  of  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.  is  the  chief  boast 
of  Chicago.  Outside  of  the  figures  given,  it  is  impossible  to 
convey  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  an  idea  of  the  immense 
amount  of  business  that  is  done  within  the  walls  of  the  building 
in  a  day,  the  thousands  of  people  who  come  and  go,  and  the 
thousands  of  dollars  and  the  thousand  different  articles  that 
change  hands.  To  get  an  idea  of  it,  the  reader  must  visit  the 
establishment,  himself,  where  he  will  see  something  to  talk 
about  for  the  remainder  of  a  lifetime. 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  57 


THE  FI 


INE      RT    NSTITUTE. 


ITS  INCEPTION  AND  MANAGEMENT. 

In  the  development  of  a  country  the  fine  arts  will  only 
receive  attention  when  the  foundations  have  been  well  laid, 
and  time  can  be  secured  for  the  cultivation  of  an  aesthetic 
taste.  For  so  young  a  city,  Chicago  had  secured  before  the  fire 
an  admirable  position  in  art,  and  among  her  citizens  were 
many  who  judiciously  owned  the  best  works  of  prominent 
artists.  Though  the  disaster  of  1871  swept  away  much  prop- 
erty, and  the  choicest  treasures  of  private  galleries,  yet  a  little 
remained,  and  our  solid  men  have  been  able  to  add  many  truly 
valuable  works. 

Among  the  heavy  importers  of  paintings,  Chicago  has  long 
been  considered  a  valuable  patron,  purchasing  more  freely 
good  work  than  any  other  Western  city.  Yet  it  is  only  about 
ten  years  ago  that  the  artists,  Ford,  Reed  and  Volk,  began  to  be 
known  in  Chicago,  and  most  of  the  knights  of  the  brush  and 
the  chisel  have-  secured  patronage  in  this  city  during  the  last 
five  years. 

No  one  man  can  have  the  honor  of  fostering  the  growth  of 
an  interest  in  art  more  truly  than  J.  F.  Aitken,  who  came  to 
this  city  nine  years  ago,  after  being  associated  with  Williams, 
Stevens  &  Williams,  and  other  noted  art-firms  in  the  city  of  New 
York.  His  connection  with  these  dealers  not  only  made  him 
acquainted  with  the  true  value  of  the  works  of  important  ar- 
tists, but  fitted  him  to  be  a  valuable  medium  between  the 
authors  and  purchasers  of  pictures,  impartially  protecting  the 
interests  of  both  parties.  His  first  permanent  position  in  Chi- 
cago was  as  the  manager  of  the  Crosby  Opera  House  Art 
Gallery,  which  became  famous  through  the  whole  country  under 
his  judicious  management.  Here,  at  the  annual  receptions, 
gathered  the  wealth  and  fashion  of  the  Garden  City,  and  the 


58  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

true  lovers  of  art  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  examining  works  by 
eminent  foreign,  as  well  as  promising  American  artists.  The 
variety  afforded  to  the  public,  the  taste  displayed  in  the  ar- 
rangement, and  Mr.  Aitken's  influence  with  Eastern  artists,  and 
dealers,  combined  to  make  the  Art  Gallery  an  attractive  place 
of  resort.  And  as  many  of  the  finest  paintings  which  had  a 
permanent  position  in  the  gallery  belonged  to  Albert  Crosby, 
Esq.,  his  testimony  to  the  efficiency  and  superior  business  man- 
agment  of  Mr.  Aitken  is  very  important.  When  the  heart  of 
our  city  was  being  swept  away  by  fire,  the  decisive  action  of  the 
manager  saved  all  of  the  finest  canvases,  and  now  thirty-six  of 
them  can  be  seen  on  the  walls  of  the  gallery  of  the  Art  Institute. 
The  fifty-one  pictures  saved  from  the  Opera  House  were  worth 
#65,000,  and  the  one  hundred  and  eight  burned  were  valued  at 
$25,000. 

After  the  great  conflagration  the  friends  of  Mr.  Aitken 
urged  him  to  make  another  collection,  and,  abandoning  all 
other  plans,  he  opened  his  own  gallery  September  7,  1872,  in 
Almini's  building  with  a  collection  very  creditable  to  a  ruined 
city.  The  support  which  the  public  gave  to  the  gallery,  and  the 
freedom  with  which  liberally-minded  men  subscribed  for  the  an- 
nual tickets,  encouraged  a  few  earnest  men  to  organize  the  Fine 
Art  Institute  which  would  both  maintain  a  gallery  and  good 
schools  to  art.  As  soon  as  the  Institute  was  incorporated,  the 
officers  received  offers  from  owners  of  buildings  and  finally  they 
accepted  the  second  and  third  stories  of  the  new  building  at  the 
corner  of  Michigan  avenue  and  Van  Buren  street,  which  is  now 
only  a  block  south  of  the  Exposition  building. 

Very  naturally,  J.  F.  Aitken  was  elected  the  first  general 
manager,  and  under  his  supervision  a  gallery  sixty  by  thirty- 
seven  feet  and  twenty-five  feet  high,  with  a  good  skylight,  was 
constructed  and  studios  and  school-rooms  were  fitted  up  in  the 
third  story.  Good  instructors  were  secured  for  the  schools,  a 
commencement  was"  made  for  an  art  library,  and  a  number  of 
citizens  became  life  members  of  the  Institute.  At  the  first  elec- 
tion, J.  V.  Le  Moyne  was  chosen  President ;  Ferd.  W.  Peck, 
Vice-President,  and  J.  E.  Lockwood,  Treasurer.  The  schools 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  59 

were  patronized  by  a  large  number  of  pupils,  and  the  privileges 
of  the  rudimentary  drawing  class  were  made  free  to  all  who 
came  properly  recommended,  which  was  the  first  inauguration 
here  of  the  principle  of  free  art  instruction. 

After  some  delay  in  drying  a  new  building  and  waiting  for 
promised  pictures,  the  gallery  was  opened  May  22,  1873,  witn  a 
brilliant  reception,  which  awakened  memories  of  the  happy 
parties  in  the  old  Opera  House.  The  works  of  art  numbered 
132,  and  in  excellence  they  equalled  any  which  had  ever  been 
exhibited  in  this  city.  The  collection  had  an  especial  interest, 
for  it  was  entirely  a  loan  one,  and  consisted  of  such  works  of 
art  as  could  be  found  in  a  city  which  was  just  recovering  from 
a  fearful  blow.  Our  local  artists  contributed  freely;  Albert 
Crosby  munificently  sent  in  his  whole  collection,  which  had 
been  saved  through  the  personal  efforts  of  Mr.  Aitken.  Other 
prominent  citizens  loaned  valuable  paintings  by  F.  E.  Church, 
Norton,  Preyer,  Heade,  Gifford,  Kensett  and  Tyler. 

During  the  season  the  patrons  of  the  gallery  have  had  the 
opportunity  of  examining  the  grand  allegorical  painting  by  E. 
Armitage,  which  was  a  princely  donation  to  the  city,  of  in- 
specting the  important  forest  interior  by  H.  C.  Ford,  and  the 
first  marine  piece  from  the  talented  Elkins.  Most  of  the  best 
works  of  our  artists  have  been,  hung  in  the  gallery  as  soon  as  they 
were  finished,  and  the  portraits  of  many  of  our  prominent  citi- 
zens have  graced  the  walls.  Prominent  among  these  is  the  face 
of  Mayor  Medill,  by  C.  F.  Schwerdt,  which  ably  represents  the 
decided  character  of  the  man;  then  Collis  was  prolific  in  land- 
scapes, some  of  which  were  remarkable  in  beautiful  perspective  ; 
Robertson  produced  some  fine  figure  pieces,  and  Brooks  and 
Mrs.  Fassett  excelled  in  crayon  work. 

A  gallery,  which  is  composed  of  loan  contributions,  is  con- 
stantly changing ;  the  works  of  artists  being  sold,  and  others 
being  returned  to  their  owners,  but,  excepting  a  few  large  paint- 
ings now  in  the  Exposition,  the  visitors  to  the  Institute  gallery, 
at  the  present  time,  find  nearly  all  the  important  paintings  of 
the  past  season.  Here  is  the  unbroken  Crosby  collection,  with 
the  famous  Yo  Semite  of  Bierstadt,  the  excellent  figure  piece, 


60  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

"After  the  Carnival,"  by  A.  Schonn,  and  the  exquisite  toilet 
scene  of  Meyer  von  Bremen.  These  three  alone  are  worthy  of 
long  study,  one  for  grandeur,  another  for  skillful  arrangement 
of  light  and  color  as  well  as  study  of  human  character,  and  the 
third  for  delicate  finish. 

Besides  these,  there  are  landscapes,  figure  pieces  and  bits  of 
nature  from  distinguished  artists,  both  of  this  country  and 
of  Europe.  The  statue  of  "Love,"  by  David  Richards,  is  worthy 
of  close  examination,  as  representing  the  grace  and  sprightli- 
ness  of  childhood,  and  in  some  positions  the  lines  are  beautiful 
of  Tadolini's  crouching  statue  of  "Eve  after  the  Fall.  Al- 
though the  Exposition  required  Mr.  Aitken's  services  as  the 
manager  of  their  gallery,  yet  he  has  not  neglected  the  Institute, 
and  during  the  coming  month  he  will  be  able  to  add  many 
attractions  to  the  Institute  collection;  the  schools  will  be  re- 
opened under  competent  instructors,  and  those  who  omit  to 
visit  the  Art  Institute,  in  its  pleasant  location  on  the  lake  shore, 
will  miss  one  of  the  greatest  attractions  in  Chicago  to  persons 
of  refinement  and  true  culture. 


MANHATTAN    ARTIFICIAL    MARBLE 

AND    ARTIFICIAL   STONE. 

Upon  the  right  of  the  middle  aisle  in  the  south  end,  just 
before  reaching  the  small  fountain,  the  visitor  will  find  the 
space  of  the  Frear  Artificial  Stone  Co.  and  Manhattan  Marble 
Works.  The  fittings  consist  of  various  devices  in  artificial 
stone,  including  a  handsome  bay  window.  Mr.  George  A. 
Frear,  the  original  inventor  of  artificial  stone  and  artificial  mar- 
ble is  a  resident  of  Chicago,  and  is  personally  superintending 
his  business  in  the  manufacture  of  marble  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 
The  works  of  the  company  are  at  the  corner  of  Thirty-seventh 
street  and  Lake  avenue. 


The  City  and  its  Interests.  61 

It  is  the  only  manufactured  marble,  and  contains  the  same 
ingredients  as  the  natural  a-ticle  which  is  quarried  out  of  the 
earth.  It  takes  a  polish  that  is,  if  anything,  finer  than  the 
other,  and  is  capable  of  sustaining  an  equal  amount  of  strain. 
It  can  be  made  into  all  shapes  and  in  imitation  of  all  the  cele- 
brated articles,  the  colors  being  blended  and-  veined  in  the 
thickness  and  depth  of  the  material  as  in  the  natural  marble, 
not  being  merely  surface  imitations,  like  graining  or  the  colors 
floated  on  enameled  slate.  It  can  be  sawed,  dressed,  and  fin- 
ished equal  to  the  finest  and  most  costly  material.  It  is  infinitely 
superior  to  all  imitation  marbles  and  combines,  with  greater 
cheapness  of  production,  the  advantages  of  being  harder,  more 
manageable,  and  more  easily  applied. 

Nothing  has  ever  been  used  equal  to  the  effect  of  the  Man- 
hattan marble,  and,  like  artificial  stone,  it  will  rank  among  the 
most  valuable  inventions  of  the  age. 

Its  great  point  is  its  cheapness,  costing  about,  one-sixth  of 
the  price  of  the  natural  article,  and  being  as  durable  and  beau- 
tiful in  every  respect.  Indeed,  put  a  specimen  of  each  side  by 
side  and  it  is  hard  to  tell  the  difference. 

Works  for  the  manufacture  of  this  marble  have  been  estab- 
lished in  New  York,  Boston,  and  other  large  cities,  extending 
even  to  California.  A  company,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$600,000,  has  recently  purchased  the  patent  right  for  the 
State  of  Missouri,  and  have  established  their  works  at  St.  Louis. 

Every  feature  of  this  valuable  invention  points  to  success, 
and  bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  most  prosperous  patents  of  the 
age. 


THE  GUIDE  PROPER. 


This  department  of  the  book  is  intended  to  comprise  a 
mention  of  every  object  of  especial  interest  in  the  Exposition, 
and  an  extended  notice  will  be  given  whenever  a  subject  is 
found  to  be  deserving.  .* 

We  intend  to  make  this  department  such,  that  the  visitor 
shall  depend  upon  it  as  a  guide  to  every  display  that  is  worthy 
of  particular  attention  and  examination. 

The  Exposition  was  formally  thrown  open  to  the  public  on 
the  evening  of  Thursday,  September  25.  It  was  estimated  that 
there  were  25,000  people  in  attendance  during  the  evening,  and 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  vast  assemblage  was,  everywhere  through- 
out the  hall,  marked  and  emphatic.  Expressions  of  commen- 
dation for  the  admirable  success  of  the  Executive  Committee 
in  the  prompt  and  satisfactory  execution  of  their  great  under- 
taking were  heard  on  all  hands,  and  the  people  of  Chicago  were 
justly  jubilant  and  proud  of  the  result. 

Mr.  N.  S.  Bouton,  as  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, irl  an  address  recounting  the  work  done,  formally 
delivered  over  the  building  to  the  Board  of  Directors.  In  the 
absence  of  Mr.  Potter  Palmer,  Mr.  W.  F.  Coolbaugh,  one  of  the 
vice-presidents,  acted  as  President,  and  accepted  the  building 
in  an  elaborate  and  practical  speech. 

Mayor  Bond  then  delivered  the  address  of  welcome,  which 
was  followed  by  speeches  from  Governor  John  L.  Beveridge 
and  Senators  John  A.  Logan  and  Oglesby.  The  exercises  were 
interspersed  with  music  by  Professor  Hoffmann's  band,  which 


77/6'  Guide  Proper.  63 

has  been  engaged  to  furnish  the  music  during  the  continuance 
of  the  Exposition. 


The  general  appearance  of  the  Exposition,  is  by  far,  more 
impressive  and  pleasing  than  that  of  anything  of  the  kind  ever 
gotten  up  in  this  country.  This  is  owing,  in  a  great  degree, 
to  the  admirable  architectural  arrangement  of  the  building — 
the  whole  display,  with  the  exception  of  the  Art  Gallery,  being 
visible  to  the  eye  at  a  glance. 

Upon  entering,  the  first  object  that  attracts  attention  is  the 
oriental  pagoda  of  Gunther,  the  great  candy  man.  He  has  dis- 
played unquestioned  taste  in  the  getting  up  of  his  establish- 
ment. It  is  octagonal,  resplendent  with  mirrors,  and  rich  in 
its  burden  of  all  sorts  of  the  excellent  confections  for  whose 
manufacture  Mr.  Gunther  deservedly  has  been  placed  at  the 
head  of  his  line  of  trade  in  Chicago.  The  stock  includes  bon- 
bons, bonboniers,  chocolates,  domestic  and  foreign  candies,  and 
confectionery  articles  of  the  greatest  variety,  probably,  ever 
displayed  in  the  West.  These  articles  are  for  sale,  and  a  dozen 
men  are  kept  busy  day  and  night  in  dealing  them  out  to  the 
eager  throngs  which  continually  press  around  the  stand.  In 
connection  with  Mr.  Gunther's  display,  and  over  near  the  door 
of  the  Art  Gallery,  is  the  great  Matthews'  soda  fountain,  which 
is  undoubtedly  the  grandest  single  piece  in  the  Exposition.  It 
was  manufactured  by  John  Matthews,  of  New  York,  the  largest 
and  finest  manufacturer  of  fountains  in  the  world,  and  who  has 
taken  premiums  at  London,  New  York,  Paris  and  Vienna. 
This  is  the  finest  soda  fountain  ever  made.  It  is  of  the 
purest  marble,  with  silver  and  glass  stands,  nearly  fifteen  feet 
high,  and  is  in  the  shape  of  an  octagonal  pyramid.  With 
its  elegant  finishing,  it  is  worthy  of  mention  as  a  work  of  art. 
Close  beside  it  is  the  apparatus  for  the  manufacture  of  the  soda 
water,  which  operation  is  open  to  the  examination  of  visitors. 
Gunther's  soda  is  continually  flowing,  eight  men  being  employed 
at  the  fountain  to  dispense  this  delightful  nectar. 


64  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

THE  CENTER  FOUNTAIN. 

The  large  fountain,  which  is  in  the  center  of  the  hall  and 
directly  opposite  the  main  entrance,  of  necessity  attracts  the 
attention  of  the  visitor.  It,  with  its  tasteful  surroundings,  was 
furnished  by  Messrs.  Gould  Bros.  &  Dibblee.  It  is  thirty-one 
feet  high  from  the  foundation,  and  has  a  diameter  of  forty  feet. 
The  base  is  surrounded  by  an  interesting  collection  of  relics  from 
the  fire,  consisting  of  melted  glass,  china  ware,  iron  and  ruins 
of  all  kinds.  In  the  water  there  #re  two  floating  lilies,  with 
streams  of  water  spurting  from  the  blossoms,  which  will  attract 
attention  for  their  novelty.  There  are  a  number  of  devices 
forming  the  subsidiary  fountains,  of  which  there  are  twelve,  in- 
cluding two  standing  callas,  which  are  worthy  of  mention. 
Around  the  fountain  are  groups  of  statuary,  and  various  devices, 
including  sphynx,  griffins,  lions,  tigers,  dogs,  etc.  In  the 
water  are  artificial  swans,  ducks,  frogs,  etc.,  all  from  the  firm  of 
Messrs.  Gould  Bros.  &  Dibblee. 

4 

THE  ELEVATOR. 

Very  few  visitors  will  fail  to  go  up  in  the  elevator.  It  af- 
fords a  splendid  view  of  the  city,  and  a  look  across  the  lake. 
Besides  the  ride  to  the  top  of  the  building  is  something  to  talk 
about.  The  elevator  is  160  feet  in  height,  and  was  put  up  by 
the  Crane  Brothers  Manufacturing  Company.  The  crowd  is  so- 
great,  and  it  being  impossible  to  accommodate  all  who  apply, 
the  managers  have  decided  to  charge  a  fee  of  ten  cents  for  each 
passenger.  Many  persons  who  use  elevators,  or  have  ridden  up 
and  down  on  them,  know  little  of  their  mechanism.  Here  it  is 
all  displayed  for  inspection.  An  examination  of  the  self-act- 
ing engine,  the  wheels  winding  the  wire  rope,  etc.,  will  prove- 
interesting. 

AMORY  BIGELOW. 

The  Elgin  Board  of  Trade  is  represented  in  this  city  by  Mr. 
Amory  Bigelow,  commission  merchant,  No.  101  South  Water 


The  Guide  Proper.  65 

street,  and  Mr.  Bigelow  has  secured  ample  space,  and  has 
displayed  in  the  Exposition  the  various  lacteal  products  of  the 
farmers  and  dairymen  in  the  rich  region  around  Elgin,  from 
which  Chicago  derives  its  main  supply  of  good  milk,  and  its 
best  cheese.  Mr.  Bigelow's  place  is  on  the  right  side,  going 
down,  and  near  the  south  end  of  the  hall.  He  is  also  agent  for 
the  Benton  Harbor  Packing  Company,  and  displays  a  large 
amount  of  its  goods,  consisting  of  canned  fruits  and  vegetables. 
He  has  an  attractive  and  massive  pyramid  of  cans,  comprising 
over  three  thousand.  It  will  be  interesting  to  state,  as  giving 
some  idea  of  the  extent  of  its  business,  that  the  company  this 
year  has  packed  twenty  thousand  cases  of  their  Evergreen  Sugar 
corn,  each  case  containing  two  dozen  cans,  making  four  hun- 
dred and  eighty  thousand  cans  of  corn,  besides  two  hundred 
and  forty  thousand  cans  of  tomatoes  and  hominy. 


THE  STANDARD  MACHINE— THE  OLD  BUCKEYE. 

The  finest  fruits  of  the  career  of  this  successful  machine  are 
on  exhibition  in  the  agricultural  implement  department  in  the 
shape  of  mowers  and  reapers.  These  are  not  "show  pieces," 
they  are  working  representations  of  the  Standard  Machine  of 
the  country — the  first  two-wheeled  machine  to  succeed  in  prac- 
tice, and  the  only  one  that  has  held  the  market  for  sixteen  years. 
Further,  the  "Buckeye"  was  not  only  first  of  its  kind  in  time, 
but,  on  ex-amination,  will  show  that  the  machines  exhibit  real 
advances  in  the  improvements  upon  them.  It  is  the  general 
belief  that,  as  a  mower,  it  cannot  be  excelled,  at  least  such  is  its 
history. 

But  the  most  important  improvement  is  the  new  table-rake ; 
it  is  unlike  any  other  rake;  it  both  compresses  the  gavel,  de- 
livers the  gavel  so  as  to  have  the  heads  away  from  the  standing 
grain,  rakes  it  at  will  according  as  the  grain  stands,  thick  or 
thin;  and  is  so  simple  in  its  construction  that  it  cannot  add 
materially  to  the  draft  over  the  ordinary  dropper.  The  rake  is 
independent  of  the  reel. 


66  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

Another  great  point  with  the  "Buckeye"  is  its  slow  motion 
for  reaping.  By  a  slight  change,  which  is  effected  almost  in- 
stantly, the  motion  of  the  sickle  is  reduced  one-half,  and  the 
stroke  doubled.  This  lessens  the  draft,  reduces  the  friction, 
and  almost  entirely  makes  the  machine  noiseless.  It  also  has  a 
rolling  motion,  by  which  the  cutter  bar  and  reel  can  be  raised 
or  lowered,  while  in  motion,  with  a  single  lever. 

C.  Aultman  &  Co.,  01  Canton,  Ohio,  have  also  one  of  their 
celebrated  "Sweepstakes"  threshing  machines  and  mounted 
horse  powers  on  exhibition.  It  would  be  well  for  all  thresher- 
men  to  examine  the  principal  material  mechanical  execution  and 
practical  utility  of  this  machine. 


THE  ROOT  WROUGHT- IRON  SECTIONAL  SAFETY 

BOILER. 

Of  the  two  main  boilers  furnishing  power  to  the  Exposition 
the  Root  Wrought-Iron  Sectional  Safety  Boiler  was  the  first  in 
place,  and,  a  fact  remarked  by  every  exhibitor  in  the  department 
of  machinery,  it  furnished  for  two  weeks  the  whole  of  the  power 
used — doing,  with  apparent  ease,  the  work  for  which  two  boilers 
were  considered  necessary. 


The  Gnidf  Proper.  67 

This  boiler  is  acknowledged  by  the  most  prominent  en- 
gineers in  America  and  Europe  to  be  the  safest  and  most 
economical  boiler  in  use.  Steam  can  be  raised  from  cold  water 
in  from  ten  to  twenty  minutes,  abundant  in  quantity,  and,  ^-hat 
is  of  the  greatest  importance,  is  perfectly  DRY,  a  quality  not 
possessed  by  the  steam  from  other  boilers.  For  many  years  it 
has  been  in  use  in  many  of  the  largest  establishments  in  the 
country — many  having  ordered  additional  ones  after  satisfying 
themselves,  by  actual  use,  of  their  superior  qualities.  One 
engineer  says:  "I  know  one  in  Wayne  Co.,  Michigan,  that 
has  had  hard  usage  in  a  saw-mill,  and  at  the  end  of  seven  years 
is  as  good  as  ever."  These  boilers  are  used  for  all  purposes 
(heating  and  power)  for  which  steam  is  required,  and  are  fur- 
nished in  sizes  from  three  to  one  thousand  horse-power.  It  is 
constructed  of  uniform  and  interchangeable  parts,  and,  besides 
being  safe  from  destructive  explosions,  can  be  easily  enlarged, 
and  all  parts  are  accessible  for  cleaning,  repairs  or  removal. 
There  are  over  one  thousand  in  use  in  the  United  States,  and  as 
many  more  in  England,  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  in  the 
West  Indies,  Mexico  and  various  parts  of  South  America. 
Prize  medals  were  awarded  it  at  the  American  Institute,  New- 
York,  Kings  county,  L.  I.,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  New  Orleans. 
Also  at  the  great  Exposition  in  London  and  at  Lima,  Peru.  At 
all  these  places  it  was  subjected  to  the  severest  critical  tests. 
It  is  especially  adapted  to  the  sales  of  engine  builders  and  ma- 
chinery dealers,  as  it  is  not  necessary  to  keep  a  boiler  of  each 
size  on  hand  in  order  to  have  an  assortment  of  sizes,  but  a 
moderate  stock  of  tubes,  fitted  with  heads  and  return  bends, 
which  can  be  put  together  to  form  any  size  required. 

The  company  also  manufacture  trunk,  square,  and  horizontal 
engines,  water  and  damper  regulators,  steam  traps  and  other 
articles  for  steam  users. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Root  Steam  Engine  Co.  is  at  500 
Second  avenue,  New  York  city.  The  Chicago  office,  128 
La  Salle  street,  Isaac  Russell,  Agent. 


68  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

THE  BABCOCK  FIRE  EXTINGUISHER. 

The  Babcock  Fire  Extinguisher  is  most  admirably  repre- 
sented. Its  space  is  near  the  elevator,  in  the  north  part  of  the 
hall,  and  the  display  will  not  fail  to  attract  attention.  It  con- 
sists of  a  No.  3  fire  engine,  the  next  largest  size  of  their  make, 
a  hook-and-ladder  truck,  about  three  hundred  hand-extinguish- 
ers, and  other  articles  necessary  to  the  complete  outfit  of  a  fire 
department.  The  Babcock  Extinguisher  has,  by  order  of  the 
executive  committee,  been  placed  all  over  the  building,  and 
the  fire  department  has  detailed  an  adequate  force  to  work  the 
large  engine*,  in  case  of  fire.  This  force  is  on  duty  day  and 
night.  Mr.  Jas.  Smith,  the  gentlemanly  agent  of  the  Babcock, 
is  always  on  hand,  and  will  cleverly  explain  to  all  the  workings 
of  this  admirable  invention. 

THE  HAT  AND   CAP  TRADE. 

There  are  few  among  the  oldest  of  our  city  residents  to 
whom  the  name  and  countenance  of  Brewster,  the  original 
proprietor  of  the  ancieht  and  famous  Sherman  House  hat  store, 
has  not  been  familiar  during  the  past  seventeen  or  eighteen 
years.  The  location  af  this  old  and  popular  hat  store  was  for 
many  years  upon  what  afterward  became  the  site  of  the  first 
Sherman  House,  and  for  ten  years  after  the  opening  of  the 
hotel,  and  until  the  day  of  the  conflagration,  was  identified 
with  the  hum  and  busy  life  of  that  great  establishment,  and 
known  to  the  community  and  to  visitors  and  strangers  from 
far  and  near,  as  the  headquarters  of  our  retail  trade  for  the 
very  beat  and  most  select  manufactures  of  hats,  caps,  ladies' 
furs,  and  fine  classes  of  goods.  After  the  fire  the  store  was 
re-established  in  branches  on  West  Madison  Street,  and  on 
Twentieth  Street  opposite  Field  &  Leiter's.  The  new  and  per- 
manent location  in  the  rebuilt  district  is  in  very  handsome, 
modern  quarters  at  No.  134  Clark  Street,  corner  Madison.  Mr. 
Brewster  is  the  only  Chicago  agent  of  the  "  Dunlap"  silk  hat, 
from  the  famous  Fifth  Avenue  hatters,  New  York,  the  most  pop- 
ular dress  hat  ever  manufactured.  Perhaps  the  most  complete 


The  Guide  Proper.  69 

as  well  as  most  select  assortment  of  fine  hats,  fine  caps,  fine 
furs,  etc.,  to  be  seen  in  any  establishment  in  the  West,  is  that 
on  private  "exposition"  at  this  popular  store. 

THE  SEWING  MACHINES. 

The  sewing  machine  people  are  all  together  in  the  first  aisle 
to  the  left  upon  entering.  There  are  no  less  than  fourteen  dif- 
ferent makes  and  they  present  a  conspicuous  array.  The 
tenacity  of  the  sewing  machine  agent  is  something  with  which 
the  community,  from  the  palace  to  the  humble  hut,  is  well  ac- 
quainted ;  and  it  has  become  the  fashion  to  consider  him  a  sort 
of  semi-monster — the  terror  of  all  housekeepers;  but  here  he  is 
tame  and  we  can  lay  our  hand  upon  his  mane  and  caress  him, 
he  is  so  kind.  In  the  Exposition  he  becomes  a  civil  creature, 
and  polite  withal ;  ever  ready  to  answer  questions,  and  seldom 
clinging  to  the  innocent  visitor,  with  an  unending  appeal  to 
buy  one  of  his  machines.  In  fact,  the  sewing  machine  people 
of  the  Exposition,  are  clever  and  accommodating,  always  ready 
to  answer  questions,  and  point  out  and  explain  the  merits  of 
their  machines,  when  requested  to  do  so. 

Going  down  the  aisle  from  the  door,  we  come  first  to  the 
Grover  &  Baker;  then  the  Wheeler  &  Wilson,  Remington, 
Victor,  Davis,  A.  W.  Percy,  (who  has  all  kinds  of  machines) 
Singer,  Blees,  Florence,  Weed,  American,  Wilson,  and  Home. 
On  the  opposite  side  of  the  aisle  is  the  Goodrich  tuck  marker, 
which  deserves  mention  among  the  sewing  machines,  being  an 
appendage  adjustable  to  any  of  them. 

Before  leaving  this  aisle,  we  will  ask  the  visitor's  attention 
to  several  objects  of  interest  in  it.  At  the  head  of  it,  on  the 
left  hand  side,  the  first  thing  that  attracts  the  eye  is  the  display 
of  Brown  Bros.,  sidewalk  light  manufacturers.  This  house  is 
claimed  to  do  the  largest  business  of  the  kind  in  the  world,  and 
is  a  well-known  Chicago  institution.  It  has  already  been  men- 
tioned in  our  sketch  of  Mr.  Edwin  Lee  Brown,  who  is  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Exposition. 

Adjoining  Brown  Bros.,  is  a  tastefully  arranged  display  01 
saws  and  hardware,  by  Henry  Disston  &  Sons. 


jo  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

Next  is  the  Colburn  confectionary  exhibition,  consisting  of 
a  candy  factory  in  practical  operation.  This  will  attract 
unusual  attention. 

Several   printing   presses,  and  the  Chicago  type  foundry  in 
operation,  complete  this  side  of  the  aisle. 

BRICK  MACHINES. 

Coming  to  the  end  of  the  first  aisle,  we  will  turn  around  to 
our  left  and  come  up  the  next,  where  we  find  a  number  of  brick 
machines,  including  the  "American  Brick  Machine,"  "Gregg's 
Excelsior  Brick  Press,"  with  a  model  in  operation,  and  "  F.  R. 
Clarke's  Portable  Brick  Machine." 

MINING  MACHINERY. 

Crowded  in  among  these  machines,  is  some  ponderous  min- 
ing machinery,  which  will  attract  attention.  It  is  made  by 
Whelply  &  Storer,  of  Boston,  and  includes  a  crusher,  and  pul- 
verizer. It  was  the  original  intention  to  have  this  in  practical 
operation,  but  the  power  required  was  too  great. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

In  the  region  of  the  brick  machines  is  the  display  of  the 
Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Manufacturing  Co.,  consisting  of  one  engine 
and  two  cutting  lathe  machines,  an  upright  and  a  horizontal 
boring  machine,  and  the  Forsythe  "Black  Crook"  moulding 
machine. 

Adjoining  this,  on  our  way  up  the  aisle,  is  the  display  of 
the  Corrugated  Elbow  Co.,  Silver  &  Deming's  meat  choppers 
and  stuffers,  shown  by  Edwin  Hunt  &  Sons ;  D.  R.  Sperry  & 
Co.,  hollow- ware,  cauldrons,  etc.,  Batavia,  111. ;  a  display  of 
wire-work ;  and  then  the  elegant  domicile  of  the  Elgin  Watch 
Co.  This  brings  us  to  the  end  of  the  aisle. 

We  turn  around  to  our  left  now,  stopping  to  examine  the 
interesting  process  of  making  watches,  and  go  down  the  next 
aisle,  which  is  the  third  one  from  the  west  wall.  Here  we  find 
hardware  by  ],  L.  Wayne  &  Son  ;  Parkhurst  &  Wilkinson  with 
their  iron  and  wagon  stock;  tin-coated  pipe  by  H.  Lissberger, 
and  the  display  of  the  Illinois  Iron  Bolt  Co.,  of  Carpentersville. 


The  Guide  Proper.  7 1 

THE    GREAT    BELL. 

On  the  left-hand  side  of  this  aisle  will  be  found  the  great 
bell  which  deafens  every  body  when  it  rings.  It  weighs  5,025 
pounds,  and  was  made  by  the  Troy  (N.  Y.)  Bell  Foundry.  It 
now  belongs  to  the  Temple  Baptist  Church  of  Chicago,  being 
a  present  from  Mr.  N.  F.  Ravlin. 

STOVES. 

The  stove  men  now  attract  our  attention.  There  are  four- 
teen large  firms  and  foundries  represented,  and  they  spread 
over  a  large  amount  of  space.  The  exhibitors  are  Merwin 
Church,  S.  H.  Rathbone  &  Co.,  Chicago  Stove  Works,  A.  E. 
Leavenworth,  Burdett,  Smith  &  Co.,  Ben.  E.  Givaudan  &  Tres- 
ted,  Jr.,  Bangs  Bros.,  Tillotson  Bros.  &  Co.,  Fuller,  Warren  & 
Co.,  Cooperative  Foundry  Co.,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Tibbals, 
Shirk  &  Whitehead,  of  Erie,  Pa.,  J.  P.  Dalton  &  Co.,  and 
Jewett  &  Root.  Patterns  of  all  kinds,  from  the  extensive  range 
to  the  bachelor's  miserable  subterfuge  for  a  wife  and  home,  may 
be  found  among  {his  vast  collection.  We  will  ask  the  visitor 
to  stop  a  few  minutes  while  we  talk  of  some  of  these  patterns. 

Among  the  articles  which  form  prominent  features,  is 
the  "  Sample  Cook  "  for  coal  or  wood,  made  by  the  Barstow 
Stove  Company,  and  supplied  in  Chicago  by  Merwin  Church, 
300  and  302  State  street.  Mr.  Church  is  a  very  extensive 
dealer  in  all  branches  of  dining-room,  kitchen  and  household 
hardware,  cook  stoves,  parlor  stoves,  tin  and  brass,  iron  and 
zinc,  plated  silver  and  willow  goods,  etc.,  etc.,  his  establish- 
ment being  familiarly  known  during  a  period  of  many  years  as 
the  "Housekeepers'  resort,"  an  appropriate  title  for  a  grand 
popular  depot  of  all  the  modern  improvements  and  inventions 
in  the  furniture  and  equipment  of  dining-rooms  and  kitchens. 
The  sample  stove,  which  forms  a  conspicuous  item  in  the  dis- 
play of  iron  goods  in  the  Exposition,  is  unquestionably  an 
honest  and  substantial  improvement  in  modern  kitchen  conve- 
niences, and  worthy  of  its  fame  and  popularity.  Its  advantages 
readily  become  apparent  to  the  multitudes  to  whom  its  construc- 
tion and  operation  is  explained. 


72  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

A  USEFUL  INVENTION. 

Among  the  useful  arts,  patents  and  inventions  which  form 
conspicuous  features  of  the  great  show,  and  which,  from  their 
adaptation  to  the  conveniences  of  commerce,  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  practical-minded  people,  are  the  oil  tanks  and  transpor- 
tation cans  of  the  Shipping  Can  Manufacturing  Company,  46 
and  48  West  Lake  street.  The  oil  tanks  are  big  barrels  of 
heavy  galvanized  iron,  wooden  bottom  ;  a  gauge  rod,  and  when 
ordered,  a  staple  and  hasp  for  padlock.  A  revolving  dome 
utilizes  the  top  space  for  storage  of  measures  and  funnels,  while 
Evenden's  patent  force-pump,  the  most  perfect  apparatus  ever 
invented,  working  rapidly  and  thoroughly,  and  measuring  its 
own  work,  gives  it  a  combination  of  advantages  and  excellen- 
cies which  are  the  results  of  the  highest  efforts  of  mechanical 
invention.  These  tanks,  with  the  Evenden  Shipping  Can,  a 
round  can  enclosed  in  an  elm  wood  jacket,  provided  with  an 
air  vent,  convenient  for  the  handling  and  transportation  of  oil, 
not  liable  to  disorder  or  damage  by  being  banged  about  in  cars 
or  wagons,  have  become  already,  though  but  recently  invented, 
an  indispensable  necessity  to  druggists  and  oil  dealers.  It  has 
the  endorsement  of  every  druggist  and  oil  dealer  in  Chicago, 
as  a  great  practical  invention. 

PATENT   ROOFING   AND    FIRE-PROOF    COMPOSITION. 

A  great  deal  of  interest  is  manifested  by  visitors  in  the  dis- 
play of  fire-proof  roofing  material,  and  the  specimens  exhibited 
by  Messrs.  Smith,  Clements  &  Company,  manufacturers  of  the 
Challenge  Fire  and  Water-proof  roof  for  buildings  and  cars,  and 
of  the  Challenge  fire-proof  paint  for  the  protection  of  wood, 
tin  and  iron,  have  been  the  subject  of  attention  and  rigid  exam- 
ination by  multitudes  of  builders,  architects,  mechanics  and 
scientific  people.  This  is  the  same  roofing — a  public  test  exhi- 
bition of  which  in  the  Court  house  yard  two  or  three  months 
since  against  competing  and  rival  patents,  achieved  for  it  and 
the  manufacturers  so  decided  a  triumph,  winning  the  applause, 
in  true  theatrical  style,  of  the  multitude  of  spectators,  including 
architects,  contractors,  manufacturers,  insurance  agents,  city 


The  Guide  Proper.  73 

officers,  etc.  The  Challenge  roof  which  seems  now  to  have 
achieved  a  permanent  popularity,  and  will  enter  largely  into  the 
structure  of  our  fire-proof  buildings  is  a  solid  and  tough  com- 
position of  gravel  and  asphalt  with  liquid  sand,  the  liquid  being 
a  solution  of  pure  silicate  with  caustic  soda  and  water,  the  com- 
bination of  the  silicate  and  soda  being  effected  under  the 
agency  of  heat.  The  gravel  composition  has  in  it  thirty  per 
cent,  of  oxide  of  iron.  Practical  chemists  who  have  subjected 
the  composition  to  their  severest  tests  say  that  while  it  repre- 
sents the  incombustible  agencies  in  their  most  perfect  form, 
it  will  also  resist  atmospheric  action  and  is  indestructible  by  the 
elements.  Among  the  new  blocks,  the  proprietors  of  which 
have  adopted  the  Challenge  roof,  are  Field  &  Leiter's  great 
building;  the  Hamlin  block  ;  Hemlock  block ;  Chicago  Type 
Foundry,  and  scores  of  the  finest  new  residences  that  now  dec- 
orate the  new  city.  The  patentee  of  the  Challenge  roofing  and 
fire-proof  paint  is  Mr.  J.  B.  Slichter.  Office  of  the  firm,  No. 
119  Dearborn  Street,  rooms  i  and  2. 

In  among  the  stoves  in  the  third  aisle  will  be  found  the 
steam  heating  apparatus  of  A.  L.  Winne  &  Co.,  including  their 
specialty  in  the  way  of  a  cast  iron  radiator. 

Going  up  the  fourth  or  center  aisle,  running  north  from  the 
main  fountain,  we  find  the  safe  and  some  of  the  scale  men.  The 
Harris  safe  is  first  on  the  right.  A  notice  of  it  will  be  found  in 
the  article  devoted  to  Bowen  Block  in  a  preceding  page. 
Opposite  the  Harris  safe  is  Hall's,  who  makes  a  magnificent  dis- 
play, as  usual.  Down  this  aisle  we  find,  among  the  more 
prominent  exhibitors,  L.  Wolf,  copper  and  brass  work ;  Thorp's 
portable  burglar  alarm ;  continental  bolt  and  manufacturing 
works;  Dane,  Westlake  &  Covert,  globes,  chandeliers,  etc.; 
The  Wyandotte  and  North  Chicago  Rolling  Mills;  The  Joliet 
Iron  and  Steel  Co.;  Kimbark  Bros.  &  Co.;  The  Providence 
Tool  Co.;  ending  with  the  Babcock  display. 


74  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

KIMBARK  BROS.  &  CO. 

THE  CELEBRATED  CHROME  STEEL. 

This  firm,  which  is  the  largest  dealer  in  heavy  hardware^ 
iron,  steel,  nails,  and  wagon  and  carriage  material  in  the  whole 
West,  and  is  said  to  carry  the  largest  and  most  complete  stock 
of  any  house  of  the  kind  in  the  country,  makes  a  display  in  the 
Exposition  which  is  in  every  way  in  keeping  with  its  standing 
in  the  business  community.  Its  location  is  on  the  right  hand 
side  of  the  center  aisle,  about  thirty  yards  north  of  the  main 
fountain.  The  display  consists  of  blacksmiths  and  carriage- 
makers'  tools,  railroad  and  miners'  picks,  mill  tools,  stone-cut- 
ters' tools,  wagon  wood-stock,  comprising  spokes,  hubs,  wheels 
and  carriage  wood-stock  of  all  kinds,  axe,  pick,  sledge  and 
hammer  handles. 

This  well-known  house  has  been  established  twenty-one 
years.  It  was  first  E.  G.  Hall  &  Co.,  then  E.  G.  Hall,  Kim- 
bark  &  Co.,  then  Hall,  Kimbark  &  Co.,  and  is  now  Kimbark 
Bros.  &  Co.  Its  trade  extends  all  over  the  West,  Northwest, 
and  far  into  the  South,  doing  a  considerable  business  in  Texas 
and  other  States.  It  has  even  shipped  goods  to  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio,  though  that  seems  like  turning  the  stream  of  trade 
in  an  opposite  directions.  However,  it  was  not  considered  a 
thing  very  extraordinary  for  Chicago  enterprise  when  it  made  a 
river  to  turn  and  flow  back  toward  its  original  source. 

Messrs.  Kimbark  Bros.  &  Co.  are  agents  for  the  celebrated 
Chrome  steel,  which  is  claimed,  by  those  using  it,  to  be  supe- 
rior, in  every  respect,  to  Carbon  steel,  not  excepting  the 
choicest  brands  of  foreign  or  home  manufacture.  It  is  now 
used  in  many  of  the  largest  railroad  shops  in  this  county,  to  the 
entire  exclusion  of  Carbon  steel,  and  in  every  case  has  proved 
its  great  worth  and  economy.  Its  chief  points  of  merit  are: 
that  it  can  be  worked  to  a 'white  heat  without  fear  of  injury; 
that  it  will  weld  without  sand  or  borax  ;  that  each  grade  is  uni- 
form in  quality  and  never  varies ;  that  when  worked,  as  directed, 
is  superior  to  and  more  economical  than  any  other  steel.  When 
hardened,  it  cannot  be  drilled  by  Carbon  steel,  and  is  particu- 


The  Guide  Proper.  7  5 

larly  adapted  to  turning  down  the  chilled  tread  of  car  or  steel 
driving  wheels.  Tests  made  with  this  steel  at  West  Point, 
under  supervision  of  II.  S.  A.  officers,  show  the  extraordinary 
strain  of  198,970  Ibs.  to  the  square  inch.  The  highest  ever 
obtained  with  Carbon  steel  was  132,909  Ibs.  It  is  the  only  steel 
which  would  stand  the  strain  required  for  the  anchor  bolts  and 
staves  to  be  used  on  the  gigantic  bridge  connecting  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  with  Illinois,  of  which  Capt.  Eads  is  the  chief  engineer. 
He  makes  elaborate  mention  of  this  fact  in  his  report  of 
October,  1871. 

The  establishment  of  Kimbark  Bros.  &  Co.  is  at  Nos.  80,  82 
and  84  Michigan  avenue. 

FARMING    IMPLEMENTS. 

The  reapers  and  mowers  occupy  the  second  aisle  from  the 
east  wall,  and  present  quite  a  formidable  and  not  unattractive 
display.  Here  is  where  the  farmer  will  tarry  longest.  Here  is 
something  that  interests  him.  There  are  seven  different  pat- 
terns of  reapers  and  mowers,  comprising  the  Johnston,  the 
Buckeye,  W.  A.  Wood's,  Seymour,  and  Morgan's,  the  Marsh 
Harvester,  the  Champion,  and  McCormick's. 

NATIONAL  LITHOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTE. 

Across  the  aisle  from  the  elevator,  in  a  southwesterly  direc- 
tion, is  the  headquarters  of  the  National  Lithographic  Institute. 
Here  may  be  found  the  best  picture  of  the  building  made.  It 
is  an  admirable  lithograph  in  three  colors,  and  is  sold  at  only 
fifty  cents  a  copy,  the  usual  price  being  a  dollar  and  a  quarter. 
It  is  an  ornament  to  any  collection,  and  is  meeting  with  a  large 
sale.  Messrs.  Essroger,  Ruehlow  &  Co.,  are  the  proprietors  of 
the  Institute,  with  their  main  office  in  the  Staats-Zeitung  build- 
ing. They  execute  chromo  and  color  work  of  every  descrip- 
tion, decalcomania  work,  (or  printing  of  colors  on  metal  or 
glass,  by  a  new  process,)  all  kinds  of  show-cards  and  other  work 
ordinarily  done  by  lithographers.  This  establishment  got  out 
all  the  tickets,  circulars,  cuts,  etc.,  for  the  Exposition,  and,  as 
giving  some  idea  of  their  promptness  and  capacity,  it  will  be 


76  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

interesting  to  mention  that  they  got  out  eleven  different  kinds 
of  tickets,  each  ticket  in  two  colors,  and  different  colors  for 
each  kind  of  ticket,  all  in  nine  days,  printing  73,000  tickets  in 
all.  The  entire  process  of  lithographic  work  can  be  seen  at 
their  headquarters  in  the  Exposition,  c  press  being  in  continual 
operation,  as  well  as  engravers  at  work.  Particular  mention  of 
some  of  the  fine  work  turned  out  by  this  establishment  will  be 
found  in  our  review  of  the  Art  Gallery. 

STONE   PIPE. 

The  Chicago  Stone-pipe  Company  occupy  a  stand  on  the 
east  side  of  the  hall  just  south  of  the  space  given  to  machinery, 
for  the  exhibition  of  specimen  pipe  of  their  manufacture,  of 
dimensions  ranging  from  a  few  inches  to  several  feet  in  diame- 
ter, the  larger  pipe  being  intended  for  culvert,  sewerage,  drain- 
age, etc.,  the  smaller  for  chimney  flues,  chimney  tops  and  such 
water  purposes  and  other  service  as  requires  an  economical, 
durable  and  indestructible  material.  The  pipe  is  made  of  a 
hard  and  very  strong  cement  based  on  a  superior  quality  of  fire 
sand,  and  the  judgment  of  a  large  number  of  practical  critics, 
who  have  given  it  a  thorough  examination,  is  decidedly  in  its 
favor  as  the  very  best  pipe  ever  constructed  for  drainage,  sewer- 
age and  the  other  purposes  for  which  it  is  designed.  An  exten- 
sive manufactory  for  turning  out  the  pipe  is  in  successful 
operation  at  Hyde  Park.  The  officers  of  the  company  are, 
Geo.  K.  Clark,  President  and  Treasurer ;  R.  I.  Randolph, 
Superintendent.  The  Chicago  office  is  at  No.  172  LaSalle 
street. 

PIANOS   AND   ORGANS. 

A  distinguishing  feature  of  the  Exposition  is  the  mammoth 
show  of  pianos  and  organs,  the  space  alloted  to  this  department 
being  a  broad  area  directly  south  of  the  central  fountain,  and 
divided  between  a  half  dozen  exhibitors,  the  first  being  the 
enclosure  of  the  St.  Louis  Manufacturing  Company  and  the 
Mathusek  pianos  and  Taylor  &  Farley  organs,  comprising  the 
agencies  of  John  Melter,  No.  100  East  Madison  street.  The 


The  Guide  Proper.  77 

display  consists  of  a  $1,400  grand,  $800  square,  and  $600 
upright  of  the  St.  Louis  manufacture,  and  a  varied  assortment 
of  musical  merchandise. 

Opposite  this  space  are  the  exposition  quarters  of  F.  C. 
Lighte  &  Co.,  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  pianos  and  organs, 
1 74  and  176  State  street.  This  firm  occupies  a  very  large 
space,  displaying  over  a  dozen  styles  and  sizes  of  the  "  Lighte" 
piano,  an  instrument  which  has  been  in  popular  use  in  the 
country  since  1840. 

W.  W.  Kimball's  piano  and  organ  department  lies  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  avenue,  and  exhibits  magnificent  styles  of 
the  great  Hallet  &  Davis  piano  at  Boston,  so  popular  among  the 
German  artists;  a  number  of  parlor  and  church  melodeons, 
superb  specimens  of  the  Smith's  American  organ,  the  Kimball 
pianos,  and  the  great  Union  piano  of  New  York.  Mr.  Kim- 
ball's  great  music  warehouse  is  at  the  corner  of  State  and  Adams 
streets. 

Adjoining  Kimball's  is  a  great  show  of  the  Weber  pianos 
and  general  musical  merchandise  from  the  splendid  store  of 
Julius  Bauer  &  Co. ,  under  the  Palmer  House,  corner  State  and 
Adams  streets.  An  accomplished  musician  is  in  attendance  to 
give  convincing  and  practical  evidence  of  the  perfection  of  tone 
in  the  Weber  pianos. 

REED'S  TEMPLE  OF  MUSIC. 

Messrs.  A.  Reed  &  Sons,  corner  Van  Buren  and  Dearborn 
streets,  have  contributed  a  very  tasteful  ornament  to  the  great 
Exposition  building,  in  the  erection  on  the  ground  space  as- 
signed them,  of  a  little  temple  of  music,  a  pretty  specimen 
of  minor  architecture  in  the  gothic  style,  for  the  display 
of  their  pianos  and  organs,  including  the  renowned  Chicker- 
ing's.  Among  the  latter,  are  two  or  three  specimens  entitled 
to  a  more  elaborate  notice  than  is  possible  in  this  connection, 
two  of  them,  the  Concert  Grand,  and  the  Cabinet  Grand,  be- 
ing claimed  by  the  firm,  to  be  the  finest  instruments  ever  made. 
The  former,  a  harp  shape,  is  in  a  case  constructed  of  many 
kinds  of  fine  and  costly  wood,  contrasting  the  fair  colors  of 


78  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

amboyne  and  rosewood,  with  the  trimmings  and  panels  of 
French  walnut,  tulip  and  amaranth,  with  an  abundance  of  gold 
leaf  carvings  and  gold  bronze  mouldings.  Price,  $3,500.  The 
Cabinet  Grand  is  of  similar  material  and  even  more  tasteful  in 
appearance,  costing,  however,  a  thousand  dollars  less. 

Messrs.  Lyon  &  Healy,  and  Smith  &  Nixon,  display  a  num- 
ber of  Steinway  pianos,  Burdett  organs,  and  musical  merchan- 
dise from  their  store,  corner  State  and  Monroe.  The  Steinway 
pianos  attract  attention  by  the  surprising  volume  of  tone,  for 
which^they  are  so  popular  among  pianists.  One  of  the  instru- 
ments in  the  collection,  is  the  Parlor  Grand  which  Rubenstein 
used  at  his  private  quarters  while  in  Chicago. 

CHINA,  GLASS  AND  CROCKERY. 

Some  half  dozen  of  our  leading  firms  in  china,  glass-ware, 
crockery,  plated-ware,  etc. ,  occupy  the  region  south  of  the  ter- 
ritory held  by  the  piano  and  organ  dealers.  Ira  P.  Bowen  & 
Co.,  importers  and  jobbers,  Nos.  262  &  264  Wabash  Avenue, 
occupy  a  good  sized  room  with  shelves  and  hangings  for  the 
exposition  of  the  finer  lines  of  goods  appropriate  to  the  depart- 
ment, including  decorated  French  China  dinner  sets  of  very- 
elaborate  style  and  finish,  ranging  in  price  from  four  to  five 
hundred  dollars;  plain  French  China  sets,  numbering  150  pieces 
each,  $35  and  $40 ;  very  fine  kerosene  chandeliers,  vases, 
chamber  sets,  and  some  attractive  novelties  in  fine  cut  glass, 
including  goblets,  bowls,  wine  glasses,  etc. 

Abram  French  &  Co.,  101  &  103  Wabash  avenue,  and  151 
&  153  Milk  street,  Boston,  display  a  splendid  assortment  of  im- 
ported China,  glass,  and  earthenware,  Bohemian  fancy  goods, 
silver-plated  ware,  and  cutlery  in  glass  cases.  Some  of  the  tea. 
sets  in  the  display  are  very  beautiful,  and  attract  considerable 
attention. 

Messrs.  Burley  &  Tyrrell,  274,  276  &  278  Wabash  avenue, 
corner  Van  Buren  street,  exhibit  specimens  of  their  French. 
China,  fancy  goods,  vases,  bronzes,  lamps,  crockery,  glassware. 
etc.,  in  elegant  gfass  show  cases  on  walnut  tables. 


The  Guide  Proper.  79 

The  display  by  Messrs.  Scott  &  Ovington  Bros.,  in  China, 
glass  and  crockery,  parian  bronze,  plated  ware,  etc.,  represents 
a  great  many  novelties,  and  some  very  handsome  specimens  of 
figures,  urns  and  vases.  The  Ovington  Bros,  have  branch  estab- 
lishments also  at  246,  248,  250  &  252  Fulton  street,  Brooklyn, 
and  54  Rue  de  Paradis,  Paris. 

JEWELRY. 

The  domain  of  the  jewelers  is  an  area  in  the  middle  of  the 
southern  half  of  the  Exposition  building.  Among  those  occu- 
pying considerable  space,  and  exhibiting  jewelry  in  large 
amounts  and  in  all  its  departments,  are  N.  Matson  &  Co.,  (State 
and  Monroe)  who  have  one  of  their  large,  upright  French  wal- 
nut cases,  filled  with  the  fairest  specimens  of  their  heavy  silver 
wares,  and  suberb  glass  show-cases,  containing  jewelry  orna- 
ments and  varieties.  Among  the  articles  that  attract  attention, 
area  highly  finished  silver  water  set,  fruit  dish,  chipped  ice 
dish,  solid  silver  knives  and  forks  and  spoons,  $500 ;  a  silver 
souptareene,  $750;  ivory  and  porcelain  work,  and  an  onyx, 
pearl  and  diamond  set  valued  at  $2,500. 

The  American  Clock  Company  directly  against  the  quarters 
of  N.  Matson  &  Co.,  have  a  wide  and  high  frame  covered  with 
a  hundred  different  specimens,  styles  and  sizes  of  clocks,  in- 
cluding those  of  various  manufactures.  The  exhibition  is  an 
interesting  and  attractive  one. 

Messss.  Wendell  &  Hyman,  235  Wabash  avenue,  occupy 
narrower  quarters,  their  display  being  confined  mainly  to  a 
few  specimens  of  very  fine  clocks,  heavy  work  in  silver,  gold 
ornaments,  pearl  opera  glasses,  diamonds,  etc.  The  articles 
displayed  by  them  are  of  their  own  manufacture. 

Giles  Brothers  &  Co.,  at  their  handsome  stand  on  the  east  of 
the  avenue,  have  two  very  elegant  plate  glass  cases  containing 
samples  of  their  coral  jewelry  in  about  forty  sets,  ranging  from 
$25  to  $500  a  set;  pearl  sets  from  $250  to  $600;  a  number  of 
heavy  silver  pieces  and  several  costly  ornaments  in  gold  and 
silver,  of  their  own  manufacture. 


8o  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

The  Aurora  Silver  Plate  Manufacturing  Company  have  also 
a  large  stand,  with  several  cases  displaying  their  silver-plate  tea 
sets,  knives  and  forks  and  spoons,  ice  dishes  and  pitchers,  an 
arctic  ice  set,  etc. 

KANSAS  PRODUCTS. 

THE  ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  AND  SANTA  FE  RAILROAD  LANDS. 

Immediately  upon  the  right,  at  the  head  of  the  main  stairs, 
at  the  south  end,  is  the  display  of  Kansas  products  from  along 
the  line  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railroad, 
occupying  two  sections.  This  road  has  three  million  acres  of 
lands  for  sale,  situated  in  the  upper  Arkansas  valley,  the  finest 
portion  of  Kansas.  The  display  is  admitted  to  be  the  best  of 
all  the  roads,  and  consists  of  grain,  grasses,  brick,  stone  and 
minerals,  which  are  evidence  of  a  rich  and  fertile  country — the 
farmers  paradise.  The  first  object  that  meets  the  eye  of  the 
visitor  at  the  head  of  the  stairs,  is  the  rustic  ticket  office,  trim- 
med in  cedar  and  wheat,  with  thatched  roof,  from  the  door  of 
which  will  be  distributed  circulars  and  bills  of  the  road.  Going 
round  to  the  .front  of  the  display  a  magnificent  spectacle  is  pre- 
sented. The  sign  above,  and  running  the  length  of  both  sec- 
tions, is  wrought  in  cedar  with  a  cedar  border,  and  is  conspic- 
uous to  all  parts  of  the  southern  portion  of  the  hall.  First  ia 
front  comes  a  magnificent  specimen  of  Tumble  weed,  commonly 
called  Kansas  moss.  It  is  five  feet  broad  and  comes  from  a  seed 
not  much  larger  than  that  .of  mustard.  The  first  department  of 
the  double  section  is  devoted  to  grains  in  sheaths,  ear  and 
threshed.  The  second  is  a  field  of  wheat,  a  very  artistically 
arranged  affair  with  osage  fence  and  rustic  gate ;  also  shock  of 
wheat  with  the  familiar  patridge  among  the  grain.  In  the  third 
department,  may  be  seen  an  exhibition  of  Kansas  fruits, 
of  the  varieties  which  took  the  gold  medal  over  displays  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  at  the  great  fruit  fair  at  Philadelphia 
two  years  ago. 

Then  there  is  a  beautifully  framed  representation  of  the  seal 
of  the  State,  "Ad  Asjra  per  Asfcra."  "  To  the  Stars  through 


The  Guide  Proper.  8 1 

Difficulties,"  a  motto  peculiarly  appropriate  to  wounded  and 
sorely-tried  Kansas.  Next,  the  visitor  will  find  an  attractive 
display  of  minerals,  with  specimens  of  the  purest  gypsum  that 
the  world  affords.  This  grows  in  large  bluffs  along  the 
line  of  the  road,  and,  where  the  country  is  fully  developed,  will 
be  one  of  the  chief  commodities  of  commerce  of  that  rich 
section.  The  ochre  brick  are  of  a  beautiful  red,  while  the 
column  of  stone  contains  ten  different  kinds  of  the  finest  build- 
ing material.  The  vegetables  give  promise  of  a  farming  soil 
unsurpassed.  This  display  of  vegetables  secured  the  premium 
over  all  competitors  at  the  recent  Kansas  City  Exposition.  A 
watermelon  weighing  fifty-eight  pounds  will  make  the  eyes  of 
the  farmer  water.  There  is  also  cotton,  salt  and  tobacco  of 
the  finest  qualities.  Altogether,  this  region  presents  an  invitation 
to  the  agriculturist  full  of  promise  in  the  yielding  fullness  of  its 
soil,  its  genial  climate,  and  its  cheap  lands,  that  will  attract  an 
industrious  population  to  the  lands  along  the  line  of  the  road, 
which  is  already  completed  to  Grenada,  Colorado,  and  is 
projected  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

Some  of  the  advantages  offered  by  this  over  that  of  other 
companies  is,  that  it  gives  a  reduction  of  one-fifth  of  purchase 
price  for  improvements.  There  is  an  abundance  of  coal  imme- 
diately on  the  line  of  the  road  ;  pine  lumber  is  transported 
from  the  Mississippi  at  low  rates ;  they  give  eleven  years  credit ; 
water,  when  not  found  in  running  streams,  can  be  secured  by 
digging  to  a  depth  varying  from  six  to  thirty  feet ;  the  climate 
is  infinitely  superior  to  that  of  any  other  land-grant  road,  and 
the  altitude  (being  2,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea)  at 
once  guarantees  a  vigorous  and  bracing  atmosphere.  Here  is 
an  attractive  home  for  the  farmer. 


82  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 


THE>  DEPARTMENT  OF  MACHINERY. 

The  entire  extreme  north  end  of  the  hall  is  devoted  to  the 
display  of  machinery.  Of  this  Mr.  Augustus  J.  Scoville  is  the 
Superintendent.  Mr.  S.  is  well  known  in  Chicago,  having  been 
a  master  mechanic  here  for  twenty-seven  years.  He  put  up  the 
first  machine  in  the  shops  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and 
had  charge  of  their  shops  at  the  time  they  started,  and  continued 
there  for  a  long  time.  He  has  been  similarly  connected  with 
other  large  establishments.  Under  the  circumstances — the  short 
length  of  time  at  command  and  the  immense  amount  of  work 
to  be  done — the  managers  of  the  Exposition  considered  the  ser- 
vices of  Mr.  Scoville  an  absolute  necessity.  The  wonderful 
order  which  he  has  brought  out  of  the  chaos,  that  existed  there 
during  the  week  preceding  the  opening,  fully  substantiates  the 
surmises  of  the  committee,  and  commends  their  good  judgment 
in  the  selection  of  Mr.  Scoville  for  this  important  position. 
The  work  of  placing  and  arranging  the  machinery  has  proceeded 
without  balk  or  hindrance  since  the  day  it  first  commenced  to 
arrive ;  and  when  it  crowded  in,  wagon  load  upon  wagon  load 
and  car  load  upon  car  load,  he  had  a  designated  place  for  each 
piece,  and  everything  went  on  as  smoothly  as  if  he  had  had  a 
couple  of  months  instead  of  a  couple  of  weeks  in  which  to  dis- 
pose of  the  applications  for  space,  and  prepare  for  the  reception 
of  the  material.  To  tue  exhibitors  Mr.  Scoville  has  given  entire 
satisfaction  in  every  respect,  and  we  have  not  been  able  to  hear 
a  word  of  complaint  from  any  quarter.  This  is  an  unusual  com- 
pliment to  the  efficiency,  executive  ability,  and  experience  of  the 
person  placed  in  such  a  trying  situation  as  that  in  which  Mr. 
Scoville  has  acquitted  himself  so  creditably. 

POINTS   OF   INTEREST. 

Those  interested  in  the  workings  of  machinery  will  linger 
long  in  this  department,  and  inquire  and  examine  for  them- 
selves. There  are  so  many  different  articles  that  it  would  be 
tedious  to  enumerate  them  all.  The  best,  then,  that  we  can  do 
under  the  circumstances,  is  to  point  out  some  of  the  more 


The  Guide  Proper.  83 

interesting  ones  and  leave  the  others  to  be  explained  by  the 
owners  and  attendants  themselves. 

THE  GREAT   ENGINE. 

The  immense  Corless  engine,  which  runs  the  main  portion  of 
the  machinery,  is  of  175-horse  power,  and  works  to  a  charm. 
It  is  one  of  the  largest  engines  in  the  city,  and  is  larger  than  the 
one  at  Cincinnati  and  equal  to  three  or  four  of  those  at 
Louisville. 

The  Frank  Douglass  Manufacturing  Co.  is  said  to  have  the 
most  creditable  display,  taken  as  a  whole,  of  any  of  the  large 
establishments  represented.  It  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  hall 
and  occupies  a  large  space,  furnishing  its  own  power  from  one 
of  the  company's  Baxter  engines  and  boilers  combined.  Its 
machines  are  numerous  and  interesting. 

Just  north  of  the  reapers  and  mowers  will  be  found  the 
establishment  of  Lewis,  Oliver  &  Phillips,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
A  furnace  in  full  blast,  and  a  ponderous  machine,  making  bolts 
and  rivets  from  the  red-hot  iron,  will  attract  the  attention  of 
every  visitor,  while  several  other  machines  of  a  kindred  nature 
will  receive  more  inspection  from  the  skilled  mechanic. 

In  the  display  of  James,  Roche  &  Spencer,  at  the  foot  of 
the  northeast  stairway,  will  be  found  a  magic  band  saw,  sawing 
puzzles  out  of  blocks,  which,  while  interesting  the  general  pub- 
lic, calls  the  attention  of  mechanics  to  its  wonderful  capacity 
and  utility. 

In  the  display'of  Fraser  &  Chalmers  will  be  found  a  diamond 
drill  and  a  centrifugal  pump,  which  will  attract  attention. 

The  Northampton  Emery  Wheel  Co. ,  of  Leeds,  Mass. ,  have 
an  excellent  display  of  emery  wheels  near  the  extreme  north  end 
of  the  hall.  Champlin  &  Rogers  also  make  an  exhibit  of  emery 
wheels. 

Not  far  from  this  display  will  be  found  a  newly-invented 
machine  for  cutting  out  chair  seats.  It  is  exhibited  by  Cross  & 
Wheerer,  of  Wisconsin,  the  owners. 

The  practical  display  of  the  Chicago  Stamping  nnd  Tinnery 
Works  cannot  fail  to  attract  attention.  A  half  dozen  young 


84  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

ladies,  in  red  working  jackets,  are  busied  from  nine  in  the 
morning  till  ten  at  night,  in  the  manufacture  of  tin  cans  by 
machinery. 

In  the  way  of  pumps  there  is  an  ample  exhibit.  W.  &  B. 
Douglass,  against  the  north  wall,  have  an  attractive  assortment, 
and  lead  off  in  their  line,  while  the  steam  force-pump  men  are 
numerous  and  make  good  displays.  The  Cope  &  Maxwell 
Manufacturing  Co.,  of  Hamilton,  Ohio,  will  be  found  just  to 
the  northwest  of  the  great  elevator,  with  four  of  their  best 
pumps  in  operation.  Walworth,  Brooks  &  Co.,  on  the  other 
side  of  the  elevator,  have  a  vigorous  pump  in  operation,  while 
a  Pulsometer,  a  Vacuum  Pump,  and  other  new  inventions  are 
situated  in  the  region  thereabout. 

C.  Mason  &  Co.  make  a  good  show  of  boiler  fronts,  lamp 
posts,  etc. 

The  Silsby  Manufacturing  Co.,  of  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y.,  who 
are  the  makers  of  a  number  of  the  engines  belonging  to  the 
Chicago  Fire  Department,  display  a  beautiful  fire  engine  with 
accoutrements. 

A  Drake  Rotary  Fire  Engine,  of  Chicago  invention  and 
manufacture  entire,  will  be  found  a  few  steps  north  of  the  eleva- 
tor. It  is  something  new  in  the  way  of  a  fire  engine. 

By  the  side  of  their  elevator,  Crane  Brothers  make  an  exhi- 
bition of  elevator  machinery,  brass  goods,  and  other  work  of 
their  manufacture 

Near  here,  and  out  of  the  region  of  its  species,  will  be 
found  a  Hubbard  Reaper  and  Mower,  newly  invented,  and 
claiming  advantages  over  the  others  which  will  be  explained 
upon  inquiry. 

Heath  &  Hobkirk  make  an  interesting  display  of  moulding 
and  planing  machines 

The  Ames  Iron  Works,  of  Oswego,  N.  Y. ,  have  a  large  dis- 
play of  portable  engines,  and  machinery  of  that  character. 
Their  space  is  near  the  large  engine,  and  Mr.  Eaton,  their 
agent,  and  his  employes,  will  be  found  there  during  the  day 
and  evening. 


The  Guide  Proper.  85 


S.  H.  RANSOM  &  CO. 

In  the  display  of  stoves,  one  firm — S.  H.  Ransom  &  Co.,  10, 
12,  1 4  and  16  River  street,  whose  great  foundry  at  Albany,  N.  Y., 
is  said  to  be  the  most  ancient  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  coun- 
try, turning  out  goods  enough,  with  all  the  improvements  that 
nearly  half  a  century's  practical  experience  has  suggested,  to 
supply  several  States — occupy  space  sufficient  for  the  conspicuous 
exhibition  of  a  large  stock  representing  the  multitude  of  styles, 
forms,  and  sizes  of  various  patents,  and  inventions  in  cook  stoves, 
parlor,  office,  warehouse,  and  dining-room  stoves,  etc.,  some  of 
them  representing  the  perfection  of  mechanical  finish  in  iron 
goods.  Among  those  which  form  conspicuous  objects  of  attrac- 
tion, are  the  Light-house  self-feeding,  base-burning  heating  stove, 
the  Vanguard  cooking  stove,  for  soft  coal  or  wood  ;  the  modern 
Vulcan  cooking  stove,  for  hard  coal  or  wood,  besides  a  great 
variety  of  coal  and  wood  heating  and  cooking  stoves  adapted,  by 
their  construction,  to  the  varied  wants  of  all  classes  of  people. 
The  Chicago  branch  of  the  company,  under  Mr.  H.  W.  Bliss, 
agent,  is  an  immense  jobbing  establishment,  and  has  for  many 
years  supplied  the  bulk  of  the  trade  of  the  Northwest — the  im- 
print of  the  firm  on  any  stove  being  a  sufficient  guarantee  to  any 
dealer. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

South  of  the  region  occupied  by  the  crockery  dealers  the 
show  begins  to  be  general,  and  the  first  object  that  attracts  the 
eye  is  a  stand  occupied  by  J.  A.  Smith  &  Co.,  161  State  street, 
giving  the  public  some  idea  of  their  stock  of  natural  seals, 
Alaska  sables,  muffs,  badger  robes,  ermine,  boa,  etc.;  then  a 
large  plate  glass  apartment,  revealing  selections  of  gorgeous 
ladies'  apparel,  full  dress  silks  and  velvets,  redingotes,  lace 
trimmings,  an  Alaska  seal  cloak  valued  at  $200,  and  other  curi- 
osities of  expensive  attire,  that  create  a  diabolical  curiosity  in 
beholders  to  know  the  price,  all  questions  being  courteously 
answered  by  one  of  the  firm  of  Hotchkiss,  Palmer  &  Co.,  137 
and  139  State  street;  pretty  upright  show  cases  filled  with  hats, 


86  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

feathers,  flowers,  ribbons  and  other  dainties,  from  H.  W.  Weth- 
erell,  importer  and  jobber,  45  and  47  Jackson  street ;  architec- 
tural and  ornamental  work  in  terra-cotta,  from  the  Terra- 
Cotta  Company,  310  to  316  Wabash  avenue;  some  beautiful 
specimens  of  artificial  stone  work,  by  the  Frear  Stone  Manufac- 
turing Company,  147  LaSalle  street;  specimens  of  manufactured 
marble,  from  the  Manhattan  Marble  Co.;  a  profuse  exposition  of 
hoop  skirts  and  custom-made  corsets,  from  J.  Newman,  the  pop- 
ular manufacturer,  No.  90  State  street ;  a  step  farther  south  a 
grand  sample  depot  of  zephyr  worsteds,  embroideries,  ribbons, 
laces,  trimmings,  notions  and  fancy  things.  A  lot  of  the 
worsteds,  decorated  with  various  figures  of  animals,  flowers,  etc., 
form  a  great  attraction.  This  display  is  by  G.  Wendelson, 
importer  and  dealer,  34  Washington  street.  Next  in  order  is  a 
number  of  miniature  green-houses,  displaying  plants  and  flowers, 
boquets,  wreaths,  crosses,  etc.,  by  William  Desmond,  755  Cot- 
tage Grove  avenue,  Trefry's  garden,  city  green  house,  519 
Cottage  Grove  avenue,  and  Edgar  Sanders,  florist,  No.  92  Dear- 
born street.  Turning  north,  the  visitor  sees  to  the  right  of  the 
main  avenue,  the  large  enclosures  of  D.  M.  Wells  &  Co.,  and 
Phelps,  Dodge  &  Co.,  and  on  the  left  that  of  C.  H.  Fargo  & 
Co.,  jobbing  firms  in  boots  and  shoes.  North  of  Phelps,  Dodge 
&  Co.  is  the 

INTERESTING   SCENE 

of  a  boot  factory  in  full  blast;  C.  M.  Henderson  &  Co.,  manu- 
facturers and  jobbers  of  boots  and  shoes,  corner  Madison  and 
Franklin  streets,  having  taken  the  largest  space  in  the  building, 
in  addition  to  exposing  a  large  variety  of  their  manufactured 
goods,  in  open  cases,  afford  the  public  the  additional  satisfaction 
of  a  close  view  of  the  process  by  which  their  famous  country 
kip  boots  are  made.  A  team  of  twenty  men,  the  regular  force 
of  the  house  on  this  special  line  of  goods,  attired  in  a  uniform 
of  red  flannel  shirts,  surrounded  by  a  constant  crowd  of  highly 
interested  spectators,  are  seen  in  the  various  operations  of  cut- 
ting, hacking,  pegging,  pounding,  sewing  and  polishing,  that 
connect  great  pieces  of  uncut  leather  into  shining  boots,  ready 


The  Guide  Proper.  87 

for  the  tough  service  for  which  they  are  designed.  C.  M.  Hen- 
derson &  Co.  employ  two  hundred  men  at  their  factory,  turning 
out,  the  year  round,  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  cases  of  boots 
a  week.  They  are  also  very  heavy  jobbers  of  Eastern  sewed 
boots,  ladies  and  childrens'  shoes,  calf  balmorals,  etc.  The 
factory,  warehouse  and  magnificent  sales-rooms,  corner  Frank- 
lin and  Madison  streets,  is  the  most  extensive  establishment  of 
the  kind  in  the  country.  Opposite  C.  M.  Henderson  &  Go's. 
is  the  enclosure  of  Messrs.  Doggett,  Bassett  &  Hills,  manufac- 
turers and  jobbers  of  boots  and  shoes,  29  and  31  Lake  street. 

The  next  object  that  attracts  attention  is  an  enclosure  of 
very  beautiful  Scotch  granite  monuments,  from  the  Scotch 
granite  house  of  J.  W.  Carpenter,  Aberdeen,  Scotland.  These 
monuments  are  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  feet  high,  and  of  mag- 
nificent proportions,  varying  in  price  from  $5,000  to  $10,000. 
The  Chicago  agents  are  W.  A.  Soyez  and  B.  W.  Hair,  office  at 
Room  4,  Palmer  House.  Mr.  Albert  Cripe  has  charge  of  the 
stand.  To  the  right  is  a  display  of  hand-made  boots,  from  M. 
Selz  &  Co.,  219  and  221  Madison  street,  prison  contractors. 

Next  in  order,  is  brought  to  view  a  very  fine  show  of  trunks, 
valises,  etc.,  from  the  stores  of  J.  S.  Smith,  204  State  street, 
and  Haskell  Bros.,  under  the  Tribune  building  on  Madison 
street ;  a  case  of  silk  hats,  from  the  well-known  manufacturer, 
MacKenzie,  No.  103  Madison  street;  a  gorgeous  display 
of.  drapery,  carpets,  etc.,  from  E.  F.  Hollister,  117  to  123 
State  street,  and  an  exhibition  of  fine  furniture,  including  bed- 
steads, tables,  chairs,  sideboards,  easy-chairs,  etc.,  attracting 
the  attention  of  all  visitors,  and  loudly  praised  for  the  elegance 
of  their  construction  and  finish.  This  collection  of  sample  fur- 
niture is  from  the  great  factory  and  wholesale  house  of  A.  L. 
Hale  &  Bro.,  and  includes  several  sets  of  incomparable  beauty. 
With  a  view  of  a  number  of  elegant  show-cases  from  Dan  Bar- 
clay's factory,  141  State  street,  the  visitor  is  brought  back  to 
the  territory  occupied  by  the  music  dealers. 

DOWN  THE  EAST  AISLE. 

Turning  southward  again,  down  the  east  aisle,  the  spectator 


88  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

encounters  in  succession,  among  a  thousand  different  and  varied 
attractions  and  shows,  first,  a  splendid  display  of  cylinder  desks, 
from  Schaff  Bros.,  manufacturers,  Nos.  225  and  227  Clybourne 
avenue ;  a  large  frame,  decorated  with  tin  and  iron  kitchen 
wares,  from  Frank  Sturges  &  Co.;  specimen  billiard  tables  of 
extra  fine  workmanship,  from  the  factories  of  Zeller,  the  J.  M. 
Brunswick  &  Balke  Manufacturing  Company,  and  Stephani, 
Monheimer  &  Hart ;  a  grand  collection  of  farming  tools  from 
Withington,  Cooley  &  Co.,  Jackson,  Mich.;  show-cases  from 
Dixon  &  Co.,  134  Lake  street;  school  furniture  from  A.  H. 
Andrews  &  Co.,  and  the  Sherwood  School  Furniture  Company; 
a  number  of  ingenious  and  interesting  patents,  among  them  the 
Self  Ventilating  American  Refrigerator,  a  self-waiting  dining- 
table,  etc.;  saddlery  hardware  from  the  establishment  of  S.  L. 
Harrell,  wholesale  agent  for  Eastern  manufacturers,  No.  45 
State  street. 

IN  THE  OIL  REGION 

are  represented  the  firm  of  French  &  Co.,  with  a  profuse  exhi- 
bition of  oils  in  cans ;  the  Chicago  White  Lead  &  Oil  Com- 
pany, with  an  endless  assortment  of  barrels,  boxes,  cans,  jars, 
and  packages;  P.  M.  Almini  &  Co.,  dealers  in  artists'  mate- 
rials ;  Heath  &  Milligan,  the  paint  manufacturers  and  jobbers. 

THE  CHICAGO  TYPE  FOUNDRY. 

In  the  department  of  machinery  and  mechanical  industry, 
the  Chicago  Type  Foundry,  represented  by  one  of  their  type- 
making  machines  in  full  operation,  constitutes  an  item  of  great 
interest.  This  extensive  establishment,  Marder,  Luse  &  Co., 
proprietors,  is  located  at  139  and  141  Monroe  street,  and  has 
been  turning  out  type  for  Western  newspapers  and  job  printers 
for  the  past  eighteen  years,  being  the  oldest  institution  of  the 
kind  in  this  section  of  the  country.  The  foundry  employs 
JAVO  hundred  men  and  operators,  twelve  large  machines,  which 
turn  out  the  best  quality  of  metalic  type,  at  the  rate  of  60,000 
a  day,  or  21,900,000  per  annum.  At  the  little  branch  "foun- 
dry," which  the  company  have  set  up  in  the  Exposition  for  the 


The  Guide  Proper.  89 

instruction  of  the  public,  in  the  quality  of  their  type  and  their 
way  of  making  it,  all  the  processes  of  melting  the  type  metal, 
casting,  breaking,  rubbing,  setting  and  dressing,  are  clearly  ex- 
hibited, the  processes  being  witnessed  by  multitudes  of  spec- 
tators, the  machine  turning  out  the  smooth  types  at  the  rate  of 
six  pounds  an  hour,  which  are  neatly  packed  in  seven-pound 
packages  ready  for  handling  in  trade. 

Another  item  which  attracts  public  notice,  is 

A  MINIATURE  CANDY  FACTORY, 

a  few  steps  north  of  the  Adams  street  entrance,  operated  by 
L.  J.  Colburn,  wholesale  manufacturing  confectioner,  whose 
splendid  new  store,  wholesale  and  retail,  is  at  No.  67  East  Ran- 
dolph street.  Mr.  Colburn  has  been  long  in  the  business  and 
was  the  first  to  inaugurate  the  manufacture  of  fancy  candies, 
caramels,  etc.,  in  Chicago.  The  Exposition  branch  turns  out 
nearly  a  thousand  pounds  a  day  of  his  pure  unadulterated  and 
delicious  candies,  which  find  a  ready  sale  among  the  visitors. 
On  some  days,  when  the  crowd  is  very  great,  the  pressure  at  the 
candy  factory  becomes  very  much  like  a  rush  on  a  bank  in 
panic  time. 

THE    REMINGTON    SEWING   MACHINE. 

Third  in  order  from  the  head  of  sewing  machines  will  be 
found  the  Remington.  This  is  a  new  machine,  but  it  is  rapidly 
becoming  a  general  favorite,  and  is  gaining  favor  in  every  house- 
hold where  it  has  been  introduced.  The  manufacturers,  who 
are  the  makers  of  the  famous  Remington  fire-arms,  claim  that 
this  machine  is  so  complete  as  to  overcome  all  the  principal 
objections  that  are  found  in  shuttle  sewing  machines.  That 
which  has  long  been  sought  after,  by  probably  every  sewing  ma- 
chine company  in  the  land,  has  been  obtained  in  these  machines, 
that  is,  an  even,  round  bird's-eye  stitch  on  all  kinds  of  goods, 
coarse  or  fine,  without  the  use  of  cog  wheel  gears,  rotary  cams, 
or  levers,  working  silent  and  smooth  while  in  motion,  is  posi- 
tive proof  that  it  will  continue  to  run  well  for  years  without 
expense.  Many  of  the  machines  in  market  have  their  peculiar 


go  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

merit ;  of  their  demerit,  if  they  have  any,  it  is  not  our  province 
to  speak.  A  discriminating  public  must,  and  will,  determine 
that  for  themselves.  The  Remington  Sewing  Machines  were 
invented  by  J.  T.  Jones,  of  the  company,  who  is  well  known 
in  the  trade  throughout  the  world  as  one  of  the  pioneer  invent- 
ors of  the  practical  sewing  machine,  and  are  fully  secured  by 
recent  patents.  All  these  machines  are  manufactured  at  the 
Remington  Works,  Ilion,  N.  Y.,  where  they  have  ample  facilities 
for  manufacturing  in  large  quantities,  employing  the  most  skill- 
ful mechanics,  and  the  latest  improved  machinery.  Much  of 
this  machinery  has  been  specially  invented  for  these  machines. 

THE  WASHING  MACHINES. 

The  clumsy  and  costly  old  box-like  washing  machine,  of  a 
few  years  ago,  has  gone  out  of  date,  and  its  place  has  happily 
been  taken  by  a  handy  little  affair,  which  costs  comparatively 
nothing,  and  which  every  housekeeper  can  have  always  ready 
for  work.  The  washing  machine  men  are  all  together,  near  the 
extreme  northeast  door,  and  ever  ready  to  display  their  wares. 


THE  BRISTOL  WASHER. 

The  first  to  which  we  desire  to  call  especial  attention,  is  the 
Bristol  Washer.  It  is  a  simple  but  efficacious  machine,  which 
costs  only  seven  dollars  and  a  half,  and,  in  a  day,  will  do  the 
work  of  a  dozen  women.  It  has  merits  which  cannot  be  dis- 
puted, and  is  coming  into  rapid  and  general  use.  Every  visitor 
should  call  and  examine  it  in  practical  operation.  The  gentle- 


The  Guide  Proper.  9 1 

manly  managers  are  doing  the  washing  for  the  whole  Exposition 
gratuitously.  The  advantages  claimed  for  this  machine  are: 
That  it  is  truly  self-adjusting;  automatically  regulating  the 
pressure  requisite  for  the  finest  collar  or  the  heaviest  bed-quilt ; 
that  it  is  so  simple  in  construction  that  it  CANNOT  GET  OUT  OF 
ORDER  ;  that  it  is  made  of  the  most  durable  material,  (galvan- 
ized iron,)  which  keeps  it  from  rusting,  gives  it  great  strength 
and  avoids  the  danger  of  swelling  in  hot  water ;  that  it  dis- 
penses with  the  use  of  the  obnoxions  cog-wheels,  which  so  often 
entangle  the  clothes  or  accidentally  mash  the  fingers  ;  that  it  is 
so  constructed  that  it  will  fit  either  small  or  large  tubs,  or 
straight  boards,  and  will  return  to  the  wash-tub  the  water  wrung 
out,  thereby  preventing  all  slopping ;  that  it  has  greater  capa- 
city and  efficiency  than  other  wringers,  on  account  of  its  springs 
being  placed  away  from  the  rolls  and  acting  upon  them  by 
levers,  thus  giving  them  more  capacity  and  effect;  that  it  works 
so  easy  and  smooth,  that  a  little  child  or  person  of  medium  in- 
telligence can  operate  it  successfully,  and  wring  the  clothes  as 
dry  as  if  done  by  the  most  skillful  person. 


THE  UNIQUE  WASHER. 

This  is  an  entirely  new  invention,  having  been  patented  only 
on  the  gth  of  last  September.  It  is  of  that  class  of  washing 
machines  in  which  the  garments  to  be  washed  are  passed 


92  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

between  fluted  rollers.  The  present  invention  consists  in  employ- 
ing a  central  roller,  to  which  is  applied  the  power,  and  a  series 
of  overlying  rollers  surrounding  the  central,  said  overlying 
rollers  being  pivoted  in  a  hinged  weighted  frame-work,  and 
adapted  to  slide  up  and  down  in  a  slide-way,  to  adapt  them 
to  various  thicknesses  of  goods  or  garments.  The  advantage 
of  having  the  rollers  swing  in  a  weighted  frame-work,  over 
the  use  of  springs,  consists  in  the  fact  that  when  springs 
are  compressed  the  pressure  they  exert  increases  so  that  when  a 
thick  or  folded  piece  of  cloth  or  garment  passes  through  be- 
tween spring-compressed  rollers  it  receives  a  greater  pressure 
than  a  thin  or  unfolded  piece ;  while  the  weighted  frame  al- 
ways exerts  the  same  pressure,  which  pressure  may  be  guaged 
exactly  to  the  required  amount,  to  allow  the  cloth  to  remain 
saturated  with  suds,  no  matter  how  thick  or  thin.  The  exclu- 
sive right  of  this  invention  is  for  sale.  Messrs.  Chas.  W. 
Sherer  and  Harry  McGarigal,  are  the  proprietors.  They  may- 
be found  at  all  times  at  their  place  in  the  Exposition. 


THE  GALLERY. 

The  gallery  runs  the  entire  inside  circumference  of  the 
building,  and  is  devoted  to  those  exhibitors  making  displays 
of  light  goods.  It  is  two  thousand  feet  in  length  and  affords  an 
excellent  promenade,  with  an  attractive  view  of  the  grand  array 
of  articles  and  the  multitudinous  and  eager  throng  of  sight 
see-ers  below. 

The  most  attractive  displays  are  those  of  the  railroads,  com- 
prising products  from  the  lands  along  the  different  lines  of  their 
roads.  There  are  eight  roads  represented :  The  Atchinson, 
Kansas  &  Santa  Fe,  the  Northern  Pacific,  the  Burlington  & 
Missouri  Railroad  Company,  the  Iowa  Railroad  Land  Company, 
the  Kansas  Pacific,  the  Union  Pacific,  the  Leavenworth,  Law- 
rence &  Galveston,  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas.  Their 
location  is  at  the  south  end  of  the  gallery.  More  particular 
mention  of  their  displays  will  be  found  elsewhere. 


The  Guide  Proper.  93 

The  clothiers  occupy  the  central  portion  of  the  east  side  of 
the  gallery,  and  include  Edward  Ely,  Wilde,  Bluett  &  Co., 
Nutting,  Downs  &  Sias,  and  many  others.  Indeed,  this  por- 
tion of  the  gallery  is  almost  entirely  devoted  to  gentlemen  and 
ladies'  furnishing  goods,  representing  the  leading  establishments 
of  the  city. 

The  display  of  textile  fabrics  is  not  so  large  as  was  expected. 
This  is  owing  to  the  haste  with  which  the  whole  Exposition  was 
gotten  up.  Among  the  exhibitors  will  be  found  the  Waukesha 
(Wisconsin)  Manufacturing  Co.,  the  Aurora  Woolen  Mills, 
Kentucky  Jeans,  from  the  Dover  Mills,  the  Eagle  Cotton  Mills, 
of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  others. 

The  plow  and  agricultural  people  are  all  together  at  the 
north  end  of  the  gallery,  including  the  Climax  corn  planter, 
and  displays  of  plows,  pitchforks,  etc.,  by  Decry  &  Co.,  of 
Moline,  111.,  the  Moline  Plow  Co.,  Peru  City  Plow  Co.,  F.  K. 
Orvis  &  Co.,  of  Dixon,  111.,  W.  H.  Banks  &  Co.,  Furst  & 
Bradley,  Chicago  Plow  Co.,  and  others. 

Then,  turning  around,  and  coming  down  the  west  side,  we 
find  the  buggy  men,  with  an  immense  display  of  carriages,  bug- 
gies, etc.,  of  all  patterns  and  improvements. 

After  passing  the  buggies,  we  find  a  long  line  of  miscella- 
neous articles,  until  we  get  to  the  space  over  the  main  entrance, 
where  we  come  to  the  telegraphic  instruments.  Two  Chicago 
firms  make  excellent  displays,  and  have  complete  systems  of 
fire-alarm  apparatus  running  the  circuit  of  the  building,  and  in 
practical  operation,  which  will  attract  the  curious  attention  of 
every  visitor. 

The  dental  men  are  all  here  together,  over  the  main  entrance, 
with  copious  displays  of  grinning  teeth. 

Also,  a  man  with  a  new  invention  called  the  letter- writer. 
He  plays  it  as  you  would  a  piano,  and  puts  your  address  on 
the  back  of  an  envelope,  and  hands  it  to  you  in  almost  the 
twinkling  of  an  eye. 

This  completes  a  hasty  circuit  of  the  gallery,  where  the 
visitor,  having  plenty  of  leisure,  will  find  more  things  to  interest 
him  or  her  than  we  have  time  or  space  to  describe. 


94  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 


THE  COMMERCIAL  ADVERTISER. 

A  prominent  feature  of  the  Exposition  is  its  daily  paper, 
the  Commercial  Advertiser,  published  by  Messrs.  Burch  &  Ford. 
By  order  of  the  Executive  Committee  it  was  made  the  official 
organ  and  daily  programme  of  the  Exposition.  It  is  printed  on 
a  handsome  Taylor  press,  within  the  building.  In  it  will  be 
found  the  latest  news  of  a  general  nature,  and  also  anything  of 
interest  in  the  Exposition,  as  it  may  occur.  The  official  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Executive  Committee  are  first  made,  however, 
through  its  columns.  Not  content  with  this,  its  enterprising 
publishers,  at  an  early  day,  commenced  a  series  of  articles, 
treating  of  the  several  departments  of  the  Exposition  in  detail. 
A  special  merit  is  its  advantages  as  an  advertising  medium  for 
exhibitors  and  outside  business  men.  In  thus  briefly  noticing 
the  daily  Advertiser,  we  take  pleasure  in  calling  the  atten- 
tion of  Western  mercantile  interests  to  the  Chicago  Weekly 
Commercial  Advertiser,  which  is  under  the  editorial  and 
business  management  of  the  same  gentlemen.  Although  of 
scarce  a  summer's  growth  the  Advertiser,  through  the  untir- 
ing energy  of  its  proprietors,  has  already  won  a  leading 
place  among  the  commercial  journals  of  the  West.  It  is 
printed  in  quarto  form,  in  an  attractive  manner,  on  an  extra 
quality  of  paper.  The  market  reports  are  gotten  up  with  great 
care,  and  are  noted  for  their  completeness  and  accuracy.  The 
Advertiser  is  devoted  to  the  business  interests  of  Chicago,  and 
has  already  attained  a  large  and  rapidly  increasing  circulation. 

GENTS'  FURNISHING  GOODS. 

The  main  display  and  main  attraction  in  the  general  line  of 
gents'  fine  underwear  and  furnishing  goods  is  at  the  apartments 
of  Messrs.  Brown,  Prior  &  Fisk,  on  the  eastern  gallery  just 
south  of  the  music  stand.  This  firm,  who  are  established  in 
magnificent  quarters  in  Ely's  iron  block,  corner  Wabash  avenue 
and  Monroe  street,  occupying  what  is  conceded  to  be  the  most 
richly  furnished  and  most  thoroughly  appointed  store  of  the 
kind  in  the  country,  are  well-known  as  dealers  in  the  celebrated 


The  Guide  Proper.  95 

"Sam  Brown  shirts,"  and  in  all  the  lines  of  the  very  finest 
articles  of  gents'  underwear  and  furnishing  to  be  found  in  for- 
eign or  American  markets.  As  samples  of  their  selections  dis- 
played at  the  Exposition  may  be  mentioned,  besides  a  good 
display  of  the  "  Sam  Brown  shirts,"  embroidered  nightshirts, 
cheap  at  $15  to  $25  each;  very  elegant  specimens  of  Cart- 
wright  &  Warner's  underwear,  of  the  highest  grades,  of  which 
the  firm  carry  the  largest  stock  in  the  Northwest;  silk  suspend- 
ers, $15  a  pair;  gents'  kid  gloves  of  special  manufacture; 
ladies'  initial  handkerchiefs;  Vienna  Exposition  robes,  chin- 
chilla fur,  $100  each;  imported  neck  wear,  etc.,  etc.  The 
trade-mark  of  the  firm,  a  very  dainty  and  exquisite  piece  of 
embroidered  printing  on  white  satin,  framed,  and  suspended  in 
the  apartment,  is  an  object  of  universal  admiration.  The  firm 
name  at  the  top,  the  trade-mark,  "  an  avant"  below,  fol- 
lowed by  the  simple  suffix,  "haberdashers,"  are  done  in  silk 
letters  so  fine  as  to  be  generally  mistaken  for  a  very  costly  speci- 
men of  fancy  painting.  The  entire  show  constitutes  a  feature 
worthy  of  the  great  Exposition. 

THE  especial  attention  of  the  reader  is  asked  to  the  card  of 
the  Continental  Life  Insurance  Company,  which  appears  upon 
the  third  page  of  the  cover  of  this  book. 

TITSWORTH,  AND  DOWNS  &  SIAS. 

Among  the  clothiers  in  the  gallery  will  be  found  A.  D.  Tits- 
worth,  and  Downs  &  Sias,  who,  together,  make  one  of  the  most 
conspicuous  and  attractive  displays  of  ready-made  clothing  and 
merchant  tailoring  in  the  Exposition.  The  home  establishment 
of  these  two  firms  is  in  the  Lakeside  Building,  at  the  corner  of 
Adams  and  Clark  streets,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
trustworthy  of  its  kind  in  Chicago,  Mr.  Titsworth  having  been 
in  business  here  since  1850.  They  jointly  occupy  a  large  double 
store,  Mr.  T.  representing  the  ready-made  clothing  department 
and  Messrs.  Downs  &  Sias  the  merchant  tailoring.  Mr.  H.  G. 
Purinton,  than  whom  there  is  no  more  satisfactory  or  better 


96  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

known  cutter  in  Chicago,  has  charge  of  the  cutting  department. 
Mr.  Downs  has  been  connected  with  Mr.  Titsworth  for  over 
twenty  years,  and  has  personal  charge  of  the  merchant  tailor- 
ing, while  Mr.  Sias  spends  most  of  his  time  in  the  Eastern 
market  selecting  the  latest  patterns  and  choicest  goods  for 
the  house.  In  this  establishment  may  be  found  a  large  assort- 
ment of  gents'  furnishing  goods,  together  with  cloths,  cassi- 
meres,  and  vestings  which,  for  extent  and  variety,  cannot  be 
excelled  anywhere. 


THE  BURDICT  BOLT  FORGING  MACHINE. 

Near  the  front  of  the  northeast  stairway  will  be  found,  in 
practical  operation,  the  Burdict  Bolt  Forging  Machine.  To 
this  we  desire  to  call  the  especial  attention  of  mechanics.  How- 
ever, its  operations  will  not  fail  to  interest  the  general  public. 
It  is  particularly  adapted  to  the  manufacturing  of  square  and 
hexagon  heads,  but  is  also  capable  of  making  any  desired  style. 
One  was  lately  put  in  with  twenty-four  and  one  with  thirty-six 
changes  of  dies.  They  are  put  up  in  the  best  manner,  free  from 
gear  or  complication,  take  little  power,  are  quickly  adjusted 
from  one  size  to  another,  and  can  head  bolts  of  any  length. 
Unlike  other  machines,  where  the  blank  is  horizontal,  it  remains 
stationary  until  the  head  is  completed.  Other  machines  clamp 
the  blanks  tightly  with  the  holding  dies,  and  turn  it  one-quarter 
or  one-half  around  each  revolution,  thereby  reducing  the  size 
of  the  rod  directly  under  the  head  where  the  dies  strike  it.  In 
this  machine  the  end  of  the  blank  rests  against  a  stop,  and  the 
holding  dies  simply  close  on  the  iron  and  remain  so  until  the 
head  is  completed.  The  stock  for  the  head  is  upset  by  a  plun- 
ger which  recedes,  and  the  forging  dies,  acting  simultaneously 
on  the  four  sides,  form  the  head  to  the  required  size  and  shape, 
thus  producing  heads  uniform  in  size  and  retaining  the  full 
strength  of  the  iron.  It  is  so  arranged  that  it  will  make  four, 
six  or  eight  revolutions,  thus  giving  each  head  twenty,  thirty,  or 
forty  blows,  according  to  the  finish  desired  ;  then  stops  to  dis- 
charge the  bolt,  and  is  ready  to  receive  another  blank.  The 


The  Guide  Proper.  97 

working  parts  of  the  machine  are  operated  only  while  the  blank 
is  being  headed,  thus  producing  the  wear  in  proportion  to  the 
work  done.  In  its  own  works,  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  forty-five 
hundred  three-quarters  T  head  track  bolts  have  been  made  in 
ten  hours.  Messrs.  Plumb,  Burdict  &  Bernard,  of  Buffalo,  are 
prepared  to  furnish  these  machines  in  four  sizes.  Prices  and  all 
further  information  can  be  had  by  addressing  the  above  named 
firm  at  Buffalo.  At  the  recent  Cincinnati  Exposition  this 
machine  received  the  silver  medal  and,  besides,  the  compli- 
mentary gold  medal  awarded  to  exhibitions  attracting  particular 
attention. 

CUT   GLASS JAMES    BERRY    &    CO. 

The  beautiful  workmanship  in  the  cut-glass  window  in  the 
architectural  hall  has  secured  it  a  prominent  position  in  the 
Art  Gallery.  Yet  it  is  only  a  specimen  of  the  quality  of  work 
displayed  in  the  Palmer  House,  the  parlors  of  the  Tremont 
House,  and  most  of  our  best  furnished  banking  offices,  as  well 
as  in  many  elegant  halls  in  private  dwellings.  •  James  Berry  & 
Co.,  at  85  Jackson  street,  are  so  near  to  the  Exposition  that  any 
one  may  feel  at  liberty  to  call  on  them  for  information  concern- 
ing the  difference  between  cut  glass  and  embossed  work.  The 
sharpness  of  the  designs  and  the  beautiful  finish  of  their  work, 
can  be  readily  seen  in  the  window,  and  it  will  bear  comparison 
with  any  specimens  in  the  Union. 

ORNAMENTAL   DESIGNS. 

The  stained  glass  window  over  the  center  of  the  Art  Gallery 
will  be  unnoticed  by  a  few  visitors,  since  it  is  hung  so  high. 
The  subject  is  the  Nativity  of  Christ,  and  the  proud  mother  is 
exhibiting  to  wondering  angels  the  beautiful  babe  sleeping  in 
the  manger.  One  angel  is  kneeling,  another  has  a  wreath  of 
roses,  and,  beyond,  the  cherubs  close  the  scene.  Joseph  stands 
under  a  rustic  background,  with  a  Ipok  of  intelligent  responsi- 
bility. The  grouping  is  easy  and  natural,  and  both  the  design 
and  execution  evince  the  talent  of  the  artist,  Henry  Goetinck, 

7 


98  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

one  of  the  members  of  the  firm  of  Otto  Jevne  &  Co.  The  dra- 
pery falls  in  graceful  folds,  especially  from  the  Madonna,  and 
the  flesh  tints  are  good,  with  fine  gradations  of  color  and  strong 
effects  of  shadow.  The  window  is  4^  feet  wide  and  n  feet  high, 
and  is  an  original  work  of  Otto  Jevne  &  Co.,  whose  factory  is  at 
Nos.  224  and  226  Washington  street,  and  who  also  display  two 
windows  in  the  southeastern  wall  of  the  main  building,  represent- 
ing the  Good  Shepherd,  and  ornamental  work.  The  process 
of  manufacturing  is  to  paint  the  glass  with  mineral  colors,  and 
then  introduce  it  several  times  into  a  kiln  untdl  jt  is  vitrified, 
.  and  then,  by  "leading  up,"  to  fit  the  portions  into  a  complete 
Avindow.  The  long  standing  of  the  firm  in  this  city,  and  their 
skill  in  work,  make  them  the  leading  artists  in  this  department. 

JOHN  J.  McGRATH. 

The  elegant  decorating  at  the  door  of  the  Art  Gallery  was 
done  by  the  well-known  house  of  John  J.  McGrath,  No.  174 
and  176  State  street.  Mr.  McGrath  is  one  of  the  most  exten- 
sive artistic  decorators  in  the  city,  and  to  those  who  are  not 
acquainted,  by  actual  experience,  with  the  character  of  his  work, 
this  tasteful  display  .will  speak  in  terms  sufficient  to  satisfy  the 
most  exacting.  Besides  this  work  in  the  Art  Gallery,  there  will 
be  found  on  the  left-hand  side  of  the  extreme  east  aisle  in  the 
south  end  a  complete  and  handsomely  arranged  display  of  the 
goods  of  this  house.  Their  representation  in  the  Exposition  is 
by  far  the  most  creditable  of  any  establishment  of  the  kind  in 
Chicago.  The  visitor  is  invited  to  the  extensive  establishment 
on  State  street,  between  Adams  and  Monroe,  opposite  Potter 
Palmer's  Hotel,  where  will  be  found  a  large  and  complete  stock 
of  the  choicest  wall  paper,  window  shades,  mouldings,  and  all 
the  appurtenances  of  the  decorator. 

CANOVA'S  HEBE. 

This  beautiful  piece  of  »sculpture  will  attract  the  attention  of 
all  visitors  to  the  Exposition.  Its  beauty  is  conceded  by  all  art 
critics,  who  have  discussed  every  line  and  expression  fully.  The 


The  Guide  Proper.  99 

history  of  this  statue  is  romantic,  and  worthy  of  mention. 
While  carping  critics  deny  that  this  work  came  from  the  hands 
of  the  great  Canova,  they  concede  a  master's  hand  in  its  execu- 
tion. Thirty  years  ago,  Robert  J.  Ward,  a  wealthy  merchant 
of  New  Orleans  and  Louisville,  purchased  this  statue  of  a  Span- 
ish merchant  who  was  in  destitute  circumstances,  having  fled 
from  Spain  to  avoid  the  penalties  of  participation  in  an  insur- 
rection. The  price,  paid  was  some  $7,000  in  gold.  Ten  years 
ago  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  M.  Muldoon  &  Co.,  of  Louis- 
ville, the  largest  marble  dealers  in  the  world,  who  had  large 
interests  in  Carrara,  Italy.  Critics  examined  the  statue,  and  a 
difference  of  opinion  as  to  its  authorship  prevailed.  Mr.  Mul- 
doon, desiring  to  satisfy  himself,  went  to  Italy  with  photographs 
of  the  statue,  and  met  the  celebrated  sculptor  Fabricotti,  who, 
interesting  himself,  introduced  him  to  Tennerani  (since  de- 
ceased), who  was  then  the  Pope's  sculptor  in  charge  of  the  art 
records  of  the  Vatican.  The  original  Hebe  was  recorded  as  in 
the  royal  art  gallery  at  Berlin,  and  is  said  to  have  been  pur- 
chased at  a  cost  of  £100,000  in  gold.  Two  other  copies  were 
traced  to  reliable  sources,  and  the  third,  the  one  now  in  the 
Chicago  Inter-State  Exposition,  passed  out  of  Rome  in  1820, 
by  permission  of  the  Pope,  into  the  possession  of  a  noble  of  the 
house  of  Bellagoi.  Entering  into  one  of  the  numerous  political 
complications  of  that  country,  he  was  arrested,  imprisoned,  and 
his  property  confiscated.  A  Spanish  merchant  purchased  the 
Hebe,  and  in  the  course  of  time  fell  into  similar  political 
troubles,  was  hunted,  and  finally  escaped  from  Spain,  reaching 
New  Orleans,  as  recited,  with  this  solitary  remnant  of  his  art 
treasures.  From  the  Ward  family  Hebe  passed  into  the  possession 
of  Muldoon  &:  Co.,  who,  about  one  year  .ago,  sold  it  for  £20,000 
to  the  Public  Library  of  Kentucky,  an  extensive  restitution  sit- 
uated at  Louisville,  and  which  owns,  besides  Hebe,  a  number  of 
rare  and  costly  works  of  art,  a  museum  of  250,000  specimens,  a 
library  of  over  50,000  volumes,  a  building  costing  §210,000, 
and  after  the  consummation  of  its  arrangements,  under  a  special 
act  of  the  Kentucky  legislature,  will  have  an  endowment  fund 
amply  sufficient  to  make  it  self-sustaining. 


100 


Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 


B.  T.  BABBITT'S  BOILER. 

No  .one  interested  in  the  subject  of  steam  boilers  should 
leave  the  Exposition  without  visiting  the  boiler  room,  which  is 
at  the  north  end,  just  outside  of  the  main  building.  Here  will 


The  Guide  Proper.  101 

be  found  one  of  the  greatest  curiosities  of  the  whole  Exposi- 
tion— The  Babbitt  Non-Explosive  Boiler.  This  boiler  is  the 
invention  of  Mr.  B.  T.  Babbitt,  a  millionaire,  and  proprietor 
of  the  Whitesboro  (N.  Y.)  Iron  Works.  The  great  point 
claimed  for  his  invention  is  its  perfect  circulation,  a  merit 
which  will  be  readily  understood  and  appreciated  by  people 
interested  in  boilers.  It  is  composed  of  a  number  of  cast-iron 
tubes,  as  shown  in  the  cut,  and  is  claimed  to  be  perfectly  free 
from  destructive  explosions.  .Mr.  Babbitt  has  been  here  him- 
self, personally  superintending  the  erection  of  this  boiler,  and 
has  engaged  a  well-known  Chicago  man,  Mr.  A.  J.  Scoville,  of 
whom  we  have  already  spoken  as  the  superintendent  of  the  ma- 
chinery department  of  the  Exposition,  as  his  agent.  Mr.  Sco- 
ville enters  upon  his  new  duties  immediately  after  the  close  of 
the  Exposition.  His  office  will  be  at  No.  28  South  Canal  street, 
Chicago. 

IOWA   LAND   PRODUCTS. 

The  attention  of  the  reader  is  called  to  the  advertisement  of 
the  Iowa  Railroad  Land  Company,  on  the  last  page  of  our 
book.  This  company  has  over  a  million  and  a  half  acres  of 
the  most  desirable  lakds  in  the  State  for  sale,  and  offers  attrac- 
tive inducements  to  the  settler.  The  full  particulars,  with  a 
map  of  the  lands,  will  be  found  in  the  advertisement  referred  to. 


THE   BRISTOL   WASHER. 

In  the  notice  of  the  Bristol  Washer,  on  page  91,  the  matter 
following  the  commencement  of  the  sentence  in  the  second 
line  from  the  top  should  read  as  if  it  referred  to  the  Crown 
Wringer,  which  the  Bristol  Washer  Company  are  selling  in 
connection  with  their  machine.  The  Bristol  Washer  is  univer- 
sally admitted  to  be  one  of  the  best  working  and  most  effective 
of  all  the  machines  displayed. 


IO2  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

THE  RESTAURANT. 

The  restaurant  of  the  Exposijion  is  situated  on  the  east  side 
of  the  building,  being  at  either  end  of  the  Art  Gallery.  It  is 
kept  by  Anderson  Brothers,  of  Anderson's  Hotel,  and  is  sup- 
plied with  all  the  substantiate  and  delicacies  of  the  season.  It 
is  as  elegantly  kept  as  any  restaurant  in  the  city,  the  bill  of  fare 
being  no  costlier. 


ANDERSON'S  EUROPEAN  HOTEL. 

In  this  connection  we  desire  to  say  a  word  or  two  about  the 
finest  of  all  the  many  European  Hotels  in  the  city.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  Madison,  between  Clark  and  La  Salle  streets,  in  the 
center  of  the  business  portion  of  the  city,  and  adjacent  to  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  City  Hall  and  the  depots,  contains  125 
rooms  and  furnishes  meals  for  900  people  every  day.  The 
rooms,  single  and  en  suite,  are  furnished  elegantly  throughout. 


The  Guide  Proper.  103 

The  fame  of  the  gentlemanly  proprietors  as  successful  hotel- 
keepers  is  as  wide  as  the  country,  and  as  a  consequence  the 
establishment  is  the  favorite  resort  of  those  visitors  to  the  city 
who  prefer  the  European  plan.  Mr.  H.  C.  Nye,  the  chief  clerk, 
is  widely  and  favorably  known  a  prince  among  hotel  clerks. 
Take  them  all  together  there  is  no  European  Hotel  in  Chicago 
that  we  can  recommend  as  likely  to  give  as  complete  and 
general  satisfaction  as  Anderson's. 


THE 


ART  CATALOGUE 


CRITICAL  REVIEW  OF  THE  IMPORTANT  PICTURES  AND 
OTHER  WORKS  OF  ART  IN  THE  ART  GALLERY 


mTER-STATE 


INDUSTRIAL  EXPOSITION 


Oi-  CHICAGO. 


THE  ART  GALLERY. 


The  most  attractive  portion  of  the  Exposition  is  the  Art 
Department,  immediately  opposite  to  the  main  entrance.  The 
gallery  is  divided  into  three  rooms  ;  the  northern  one  is  filled 
with  photographs  and  Indian  curiosities,  the  central  hall  is 
occupied  exclusively  with  oil  paintings  and  sculpture,  and  the 
southern  room  is  crowded  with  water  colors,  lithographs,  engra- 
vings, architectural  designs,  and  a  variety  of  ornamental  work. 

In  the  central  art-room  the  visitor  finds  a  large  collection, 
comprising  the  best  works  of  many  famous  modern  artists,  a 
liberal  display  of  Chicago  talent — especially  in  portraiture, — as 
well  as  a  few  poor  pictures.  The  first  place  in  the  catalogue  is 
assigned  to  a  large  mountain  scene  by  Albert  Bierstadt,  of  na- 
tional reputation,  which  hangs  in  the  center  of  the  eastern 
wall.  Under  the  title  of 

AUTUMN  IN  THE  SIERRA, 

the  talented  artist  presents  an  almost  literal  view  on  the  head- 
waters of  the  south  fork  of  King  river,  in  southeastern  Califor- 
nia. The  scenery  of  that  portion  of  the  State  has  never  been 
previously  painted,  and  this  is"  the  first  time  the  picture  has 
been  shown  outside  of  California.  To  appreciate  the  scene  the 
visitor  must  imagine  that  he  stands  on  a  lofty  peak,  by  the  side 
of  the  artist,  and  looks  down  upon  the  narrow  valley  of  the 
river  which  flows  by  the  foot  of  the  snow-clad  mountain.  As 
soon  as  the  visitor  realizes  the  artist's  design,  he  will  appreciate 
the  relative  positions  of  the  different  parts  of  the  painting. 

In  the  right-hand  foreground  there  are  heaped  huge  granite 
rocks,  that  have  been  thrown  by  some  convulsion  from  the  cliffs 


4  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

which  rise  higher  and  higher  to  an  abrupt  mountain  pinnacle. 
As  the  mass  fell,  it  formed  a  barrier  behind  which  the  water  has 
settled  into  a  quiet  lake.  The  same  convulsion  which  formed 
the  wall  of  the  lake  broke  open  a  narrow  chasm  through  which 
the  water  descends,  after  falling  in  a  beautiful  cascade,  until  it 
joins  the  stream,  breaking  in  constant  ripples  in  the  valley,  so 
far  beneath  that  the  forests  seem  to  be  little  larger  than  herbage. 
In  the  immediate  foreground  a  few  rough  trees  find  a  foothold 
among  the  rocks,  bearing  witness,  by  their  gnarled  and  twisted 
appearance,  to  the  fierce  storms  which  sweep  over  the  hill-sides 
at  that  great  elevation.  Besides  these  there  is  a  little  scanty 
growth  of  the  dwarf  willow,  peculiar  to  the  Sierra,  and  of  the 
ground  shrubs  which  have  assumed  the  autumn  hues.  The 
mountain  walls  on  the  other  side  of  the  valley,  with  their  pre- 
cipitous surfaces  of  gray  granite,  are  painted  with  great  fidelity 
to  nature.  The  lines  of  the  mountain  range  are  drawn  in 
great  variety,  and  mark  the  skill  of  the  painter.  But  if  we 
ascend  to  the  summit,  we  still  shall  be  shut  off  by  an  immense 
ravine  from  the  lofty  peak  of  Mount  Brewer,  with  its  snow- 
capped ranges,  which  the  artist  represents  with  true  Alpine 
grandeur.  Grandeur  and  immensity  are  the  two  aims  of  the 
painting,  and  in  these  respects  the  artist  has  fulfilled  his  inten- 
tion. The  partial  admission  of  light  and  brilliant  color  makes 
a  striking  effect,  for  it  seems  to  strike  on  the  stunted  cedars  and 
twisted  pines,  fills  the  dwarf  shrubs  with  warmth,  and  then  is 
lost  on  tree-tops,  rocks,  and  the  lofty  mountain  pinnacle.  The 
lakelets  at  the  left  are  shown  beneath  the  point  of  view, 
although  the  upper  one  is  at  great  height,  and  the  stream  flow- 
ing out  of  it  appears  like  a  silver  thread  on  the  mountain  side. 
The  whole  painting  has  many  of  the  massive  effects  of  Bier- 
stadt,  but  is  peculiar,  and  differs  from  all  of  his  previous  works. 
As  a  whole  it  is  a  careful  representation  of  some  of  the  grandest 
scenery  of  our  country,  and  is  full  of  the  peculiarities  of  the 
Sierra  range. 

A  Belgian  painter,  visiting  the  gallery,  said  that  the  pictures 
reminded  him  of  the  works  of  Jacob  Ruysdael,  who  flourished 
two  hundred  years  ago.  It  may  be  possible  that  this  eminent 


The  Art  Gallery.  5 

painter  of  the  Dutch  school  may  have  made  an  impression  on 
Bierstadt,  but  more  probably  both  arrived  at  the  same  conclu- 
sions, from  close  study  of  picturesque  nature,  and  thus  secured 
the  utmost  expression  to  their  landscapes,  and  powerful  repre- 
sentations of  distance. 

Turning  from  this  grand  picture,  let  us  examine  a  quiet 
landscape  in  the  heart  of  the  Adirondack  mountains,  by 
George  H.  Smillie.  It  is  known  as 

A  LAKE   IN   THE   WOODS, 

and  the  beautiful  sheet  of  water  is  shut  in  on  one  side  by  a  per- 
pendicular cliff  whose  rocky  texture  is  very  natural,  and  in  the 
distance  by  graceful  mountain  forms,  covered  to  the  summit  by 
the  forest,  sinking  in  the  background  to  allow  the  presence  of 
the  outlet.  Nothing  but  water  is  seen  in  the  foreground,  ex- 
cepting a  few  broken  rocks  and  some  drift-wood. 

The  charm  of  the  picture  is  in  its  atmospheric  effects,  a  dense 
eloud  settling  on  the  cliff,  and,  just  beyond,  the  beautiful  sun- 
light breaking  through  and  filling  the  country  with  warmth. 
The  feeling  of  distance  is  admirably  conveyed,  and  the  eye 
readily  receives  a  conception  of  the  scene,  but  in  its  minutest 
details,  in  the  character  and  texture  of  clouds,  rock  and  water, 
and  in  the  formation  of  mountains,  the  painting  is  worthy  of 
close  study. 

A  Scotch  scene,  by  Arthur  Parton,  is  an  attractive  landscape 
under  name  of 

GLENCOE. 

In  the  center  is  a  mountain  torrent,  breaking  over  the  huge 
boulders,  and  bounded  on  either  side  by  banks  which  are  diver- 
sified in  color  by  the  profusion  of  herbage  and  shrubbery.  In 
the  distance  is  a  spur  from  the  Highlands,  with  graceful  lines  of 
mountain  peaks.  The  artist  has  carefully  represented  the  wild- 
ness  of  scenery,  and  a  soft  atmosphere  fills  the  painting.  He 
has  diligently  studied  the  perspective,  and  the  branches  of  the 
trees  hang  with  airy  grace,  as  though  moving  before  the  spec- 
tator. 


6  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

The  same  artist  presents  two  brilliant  studies  of  color  in 

THE  ADIRONDACK^. 

The  sketches  are  small,  but  one  is  remarkable  for  the  con- 
trast between  the  clouds  and  the  brilliant  foliage  of  the  trees, 
and  in  the  other  the  quiet  lake  only  sets  off  the  gorgeous 
sunset. 

The  visitor  cannot  help  oeing  attracted  by  the  beautiful 
water  in 

LAKE  MEMPHREMAGOG, 

by  J.  C.  Wiggins.  In  the  foreground  the  beach  sweeps  around 
in  easy  lines,  with  enough  of  variety  to  avoid  sameness ;  the 
forms  of  the  hills  are  beautiful,  and  the  island  in  the  distance 
has  a  floating  appearance,  on  account  of  the  beautiful  atmos- 
pheric effects.  It  is  a  high  compliment  to  the  artist  that  his 
picture  does  not  fail  by  comparison  with  a  similar  lake  scene  by 

J.   F.  KENSETT, 

who  has  selected  a  cooler  day,  and  hence  the  reflections  from 
the  water  are  not  filled  with  the  same  warmth.  His  water  has 
greater  depth  and  more  of  the  feeling  of  nature,  and  the  dis- 
tance of  the  picture  has  been  expressed  by  careful  handling. 
The  painting  is  a  good  memento  of  the  power  of  this  artist, 
who  passed  away  so  quickly  nearly  a  year  ago. 

LAKE  MAGGIORE 

is  a  beautiful  Swiss  scene  of  A.  Waagon,  the  deep  blue  water  of 
the  lake  appearing  in  the  distance,  and  the  foreground  being 
filled  with  rocks  and  trees,  of  very  good  texture ;  a  country 
cottage  gives  variety  to  the  scene. 

PILLAR   LAKE 

is  a  companion  picture,  by  H.  Reckmann,  the  water  being 
brought  to  the  foreground,  but  there  is  not  the  same  feeling  of 
nature,  neither  do  the  figures  in  the  foreground  seem  inspired 
by  energy,  as  though  reveling  in  the  mountain  air. 


The  Art  Gallery.  7 

In  marked  contrast  to  the  style  of  the  German  school  is  a 
landscape  by  William  Hart, 

AFTERNOON  ON  THE  HUDSON, 

in  which  the  shadows  have  become  intensified  since  it  left  the 
artist's  hands,  but  this  only  brings  out  the  more  strongly  the 
soft,  warm  light  which  shines  through  the  whole  scene,  and 
makes  the  trees  to  stand  out  with  stereoscopic  effect.  Those 
who  enjoy  a  picture  for  the  feeling  which  it  awakens,  will 
not  overlook  this  representation  of  one  of  our  most  careful 
American  artists. 

LAKE  CHAMPLAIN 

is  beautifully  represented  by  D.  F.  Bigelow,  and,  in  the  dis- 
tance, the  soft  and  easy  lines  of  the  Green  Mountains,  which 
every  Vermonter  will  recognize, 'seem  to  meet  the  sky,  filled 
with  cumulous  clouds.  In  the  foreground  is  a  low  beach,  on 
which  lie  an  old  skiff  and  scattered  rocks,  and  a  graceful  elm 
fills  the  right.  Beyond,  the  shore  sweeps  away,  wooded  to  the 
water's  brink,  and  into  the  shallow  water  a  herd  of  cattle  have 
waded,  having  come  down  the  road  which  seems  to  end  at  the 
lake. 

The  work  of  an  art  student  appears  in  the  Riverside  land- 
scape, by  Miss  Anna  C.  Shaw,  and  she  displays  marked  talent 
in  representing  a  western  river. 

J.  Hammerstadt  has  an  ambitious  picture,  representing  the 
scenery  of  his  native  land,  Norway,  with  its  huge  rocks,  among 
which  the  bears  are  at  play.  Beyond  the  glassy  surface  of  the 
water,  rise  stalwart  pines,  but  the  picture  has  little  of  the  feel- 
ing of  nature.  The  light  is  introduced  in  the  background,  but 
there  is  not  a  careful  study  of  the  effect  of  shadow. 

The  finest  contribution  by  any  individual  is  the  loan,  by  a 
wealthy  merchant,  of  a  valuable  collection,  consisting  mainly  of 
figure-pieces.  Some  of  these  are  small  in  size,  but  their  intrin- 
sic value  is  very  great.  Two  large  paintings  by  Holfeld,  of 
Paris,  are  beautiful  representations  of  the  home  life  of  chil- 
dren. 


8  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

THE  CHRISTMAS  GIFT  and  COMMITTING  TO  MEMORY, 

respectively,  represent  a  boy  and  girl  on  sofas,  in  similar  posi- 
tions, the  one  intently  examining  the  pleasing  present  of  a 
picture-book,  and  the  other  as  busily  endeavoring  to  fix  a  pas- 
sage in  the  memory.  Both  paintings  possess  equal  softness  and 
show  very  careful  treatment. 

Still  the  attractive  figure,  by  Plassan,  of 

THE  BEAUTIFUL  GARDENER 

is  by  far  superior,  and  close  study  will  show  great  harmony  in 
color  between  the  delicate  complexion  of  the  lady  and  the  tints 
of  the  flowers  and  drapery. 

Its  companion  piece  is  by  Victor  Chavet ;  under  the  title  of 

EXPECTATION, 

he  expresses  the  sentiment  of  the  painting.  Who  has  not  seen 
a  richly  dressed  lady,  leaning  on  a  chair  in  the  same  attitude, 
and,  by  her  earnest  gaze,  showing  that  she  hoped  soon  to  meet 
with  some  favorite  friend  ?  The  color  of  the  red  jacket  is  dif- 
fused nicely  through  the  heavy  tapestry  hangings  of  the  room. 

THE  FOUNTAIN  OF  POMPEII, 

by  Joseph  Coomans,  is  the  finest  figure  piece  in  the  room.  The 
flesh  color  of  the  boy,  waiting  his  turn,  appears  in  the  beautiful 
foot  of  the  white-robed  lady  standing  at  the  fountain,  and  is 
repeated  in  her  slender  arms  and  beautiful  face.  The  position 
of  the  figures  is  very  graceful,  and  an  interior  court  of  an  old 
Roman  house  is  faithfully  represented.  The  skill  in  drawing, 
the  interest  in  the  child  expressed  in  the  lady's  face,  and  the 
stamp  of  refinement,  show  that  she  belonged  to  the  educated 
class. 

The  work  of  the  same  artist  appears  in  the  oddly-framed 
picture  of 

THE  LOCKET, 

which  is  only  a  head,  beautiful  in  the  quality  of  flesh  color,  but 
possessing  little  character. 


The  Art  Gallery.  9 

AN  INTERIOR  OF  l6lH  CENTURY, 

was  painted  by  two  artists,  Knarren,  of  Brussels,  executing  the 
still  life,  and  V.  Taussens  painting  in  the  figure.  A  maid  ser- 
vant, with  a  light  silk  dress,  holds  out  a  plate  of  cherries,  stand- 
ing near  a  table,  at  which  some  one  has  taken  a  light  luncheon 
But  Knarren  makes  a  gold  platter  the  center  of  the  picture  by 
standing  it  under  the  table  with  all  the  fresh  brilliancy  of  new 
material,  and  the  same  color  is  repeated  in  the  peel  of  the 
lemon  and  absorbed  by  the  orange,  excepting  that  a  little  of 
the  tint  appears  in  the  rich  hangings  of  the  room. 

THE  QUEEN  OF  PEACE 

is  a  Madonna  and  child  on  a  gold  panel,  with  the  motto  Regina 
Pacts,  by  Illenbach,  of  the  Dusseldorf  school.  The  power  of 
the  artist  consists  in  his  overcoming  self-imposed  difficulties, 
and  separating  the  golden  hair  and  ornamented  dress  from  the 
yellow  background. 

THE   OLD   NOBLEMAN, 

by  Siegert,  also  of  Dusseldorf,  is  a  valuable  painting,  and  both 
in  composition  and  effects  is  worthy  of  frequent  examination. 
The  picture  tells  its  own  story :  a  young  lady  looks  up  with  a 
startled  glance  to  find  that  her  father,  on  the  other  side  of  the 
table,  has  fallen  asleep  while  she  has  been  reading,  and  his  dog 
has  also  forgotten  his  watchfulness.  The  side  of  the  room  is 
covered  by  an  immense  painting,  and  it  absorbs  the  soft  light 
which  comes  from  the  window  behind  the  old  man,  glances  on 
his  white  hair,  brightens  the  vase  of  beautiful  flowers,  and 
harmonizes  with  the  delicate  complexion  of  the  lady. 

Eastman  Johnson,  of  New  York,  is  making  himself  famous 
by  his  paintings  of  common  New  England  life,  thus  perpetuat- 
ing the  old  customs ;  'and  in  none  of  his  works  has  he  better 
succeeded  than  in 

CORN-HUSKING   DOWN   EAST. 

Rather  the  husking  is  over,  and  an  old  man  sits  in  a  chair, 
tying  together  the  golden  ears  of  seed  corn,  and,  beyond  the 
large  pile  of  husks,  his  wife  can  be  seen  disappearing,  while  the 


I  o  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

little  girl  stands  eagerly  watching  the  arrangement  of  the  ears  in 
the  proper  manner. 

Those  who  love  good  horses  will  notice 

THE    FORGE, 

by  W.  Verschour,  of  Holland,  and  will  admire  the  fine  action 
of  the  beautiful  gray,  the  delicate  intermingling  of  lights  and 
shadows  on  the  body,  and  will  not  wonder  that  he  resists  the 
rude  pull  of  the*blacksmith  who  wishes  to  urge  him  to  the  shoe- 
ing stall. 

Good  judges  claim  that  the  little  sketch  of 

CONGREGATIONAL   SINGING 

is  an  original  by  D.  Teniers,  in  1628,  but  though  ^the  grouping 
is  good  and  the  color  is  harmonious,  yet  the  forms  of  the  kittens 
are  so  uncertain  that'  few  can  decide  what  the  artist  meant  to 
express. 

The  reputation   of  Robie,    of  Brussels,    as   a  great   flower 
painter  is  sustained  by 

FLOWERS   AND    VASES, 

in  which  the  artistic  carving  of  the  larger  vase,  and  the  natural 
tints  of  the  other,  made  of  shells,  attract  still  more  attention 
than  the  fresh  tints  of  the  delicate  flowers. 

There  are  many  representations  of  famous  artists,  but 

VENICE, 

by  David  Neal,  does  not  give  a  full  representation  of  his  power 
as  a  painter  of  the  interior  of  buildings.  It  is  true  that  in  the 
foreground  is  a  carefully  painted  interior,  but  the  attention  is 
diverted  by  the  child  on  the  floor  and  the  woman  seated  on  the 
balcony,  and  with  her  we  look  out  on  the  grand  canal  and  the 
.  palaces  of  the  beautiful  city.  On  spires  and  facades  a  soft  sun- 
light falls  and  warms  them  with  beauty,  contrasting  both  with 
the  cold  blue  sky  and  water. 

Carl  Hubner  has  long  been  a  leader  in  the  Dusseldorf  school, 
but  his 

LEAVING    HOME 

is  not  a  good  painting.     It  lacks  the  masterly  power  which  we 


Art  Gallery.  \  i 

wish  for  in  his  works,  and  the  expression  of  the  face  is  rather 
one  of  bodily  suffering  than  of  mental  anguish.  The  figure  has 
a  forced  appearance,  but  the  rocks  are  well  painted,  yet  the  back- 
ground is  unworthy  of  a  great  artist.  Hubner  has  painted  worse 
pictures  than  this,  and  some  that  are  far  better. 

A    FLEMISH    INTERIOR, 

by  Von  Hove,  of  Holland,  is  so  small  that  it  might  easily  be 
overlooked,  but  the  painting  is  a  very  good  one.  In  an  outer 
court  the  red  dress  of  a  girl,  drawing  water,  attracts  attention, 
and  aids  the  eye  to  look  into  the  shaded  room  from  which  she 
has  come.  The  architectural  character  and  the  perspective  have 
been  faithfully  studied,  and  the  harmonies  of  color  have  been 
well  preserved. 

Turning  from  this, 

THE   HOME   OF   MOTHER   CAREY*  S    CHICKENS, 

is  a  spirited  picture  by  M.  F.  H.  de  Haas,  of  New  York ;  and 
whether  we  examine  the  crested  waves,  the  dashing  brig  or  the 
moving  boats,  in  all,  alike,  we  will  find  the  movement  of  the  sea, 
and  the  poetry  of  nature  will  be  stirred  in  harmony  with  the 
scene.  In  every  respect  it  is  a  grand  marine  picture,  and  is  one 
of  the  best  works  of  this  artist. 

THE   STUDENT 

is  intensely  engaged  with  his  book,  and  the  boy  presses  his 
hand  against  his  face,  as  though  he  could  thus  better  remember 
the  lesson ;  as  he  tips  back  against  the  wall  he  is  unconscious  of 
all  surroundings.  Fredericks,  of  New  York,  has  happily  ex- 
pressed one  phase  of  a  boy's  character. 
The  design  of  the  picture  of 

THE  SLEEPING   NURSE, 

by  William  Morgan,  of  New  York,  is  very  good,  but  the  figure 
is  faulty  in  drawing,  and  the  whole  position  seems  forced.  It 
is  true  the  artist  means  to  express  unintentional  sleep,  but  there 
is  not  the  relaxation  of  nature.  The  shadows,  especially  in  the 
cradle,  are  good  and  give  strength  to  the  picture. 


T  2  Chicago  and  her  Exposition 


GLIMPSE   OF   THE   CATSKILLS, 

painted  by  A.  D.  Shattuck,  of  New  York,  in  1859,  does  not 
resemble  his  recent  pictures.  The  feeling  of  distance  has  been 
finely  expressed  and  the  foliage  of  his  trees  is  airy  and  graceful. 

APPLES 

are  well  painted  by  M.  Brown,  of  New  York,  and  in  position, 
form,  color  and  texture  they  are  praiseworthy,  but  the  back- 
ground, into  which  the  artist  introduces  apple  blossoms,  is  not 
as  good,  and  does  not  seem  to  have  awakened  his  enthusiasm. 

One  of  the  most  famous  of  English  painters  was  C.  R. 
Leslie,  of  American  parentage,  hence 

SAPPHO 

will  attract  some  attention,  as  she  sits  by  the  sea,  but  the  picture 
has  not  the  elaborate  finish  of  his  earlier  works. 

Wilms,  of  Florence,  stands  in  the  very  front  rank  of  all  fruit 
painters ; 

FRUIT   AND   WfNE 

is  a  good  representation  of  his  style.  The  sparkling  wine  bub- 
bles in  a  cleai  glass,  the  grapes  are  beautiful  and  transparent, 
the  vine  leaf  is  fresh  and  crispy,  but — is  it  a  peach  or  an  apple 
which  the  artist  wished  to  paint? 

Some  water  colors  complete  the  group  of  pictures  which, 
through  the  liberality  of  a  private  citizen,  have  been  placed  on 
public  exhibition,  but  the  small  number  of  this  class  of  works  in 
the  Exposition  and  their  location  in  another  room  prevents 
proper  notice  of  them.  The  smallest  painting  hung  is 

THE  CHILD'S  PRAYER, 

by  Meyer  Von  Bremen,  but  it  is  exquisite  in  its  microscopic 
finish ;  the  child  and  the  drapery  both  being  beautifully  finished. 
Near  to  it  is  the  "  Cattle  Piece,"  by  Beekhausen,  of  Copenha- 
gen, which  is  good  in  drawing  and  color,  although  one  hundred 
and  fifty  years  old.  "Summer,"  by  James  D.  Smillie,  is  only 
a  study  of  the  green  tints  of  nature,  and  the  startled  expression 
of  the  children  who  cannot  see  the  rabbit  rustling  the  leaves  in 


The  Art  Gallery.  1 3 

the  "  Cabbage  Patch,"  gives  additional  interest  to  the  picture 
of  J.  Merahn.  Ed.  Frere,  of  Paris,  is  a  famous  name,  but  some 
idea  of  his  style  can  be  gained  from  the  little  picture  of  a  boy, 
"Taking  the  Likeness,"  sketching  a  playmate. 

Chicago  artists  are  also  represented  in  the  same  corner;  J. 
W.  Dodge  sends  in  his  portrait  of  Washington,  after  studies  of 
the  cast  made  by  Houdon,  the  sculptor,  and  of  a  revolutionary 
costume.  A.  F.  Brooks  has  a  sketch  of  an  old  woman  drinking 
at  the  fountain  of  Grace  Church,  and  India  ink  drawings  of  an 
old  man  reading  his  Bible,  and  of  Robert  Collyer. 

To  return  from  this  stroll  among  the  delicate  water  colors,  to 
the  main  art  room,  the  forest  interiors  claim  attention. 

W.  WHITTREDGE 

has  a  beautiful  wood  scene,  which  seems  to  increase  in  beauty 
with  every  examination.  The  characters  of  our  native  trees  are 
represented  faithfully,  and  we  long  to  pierce  the  haze  and  look 
deeper  into  the  wdbds. 

OCTOBER   WOODS, 

by  H.  C.  Ford,  is  marked  by  its  dense  brown  patches  of  oak 
leaves  which  arrest  every  eye.  He  has  portrayed  the  red  oak, 
shaggy-bark  hickory,  linden,  beech  and  maple,  from  close  studies 
in  western  New  York,  and  the  light  is  represented  as  stealing 
through  the  tree-tops  to  illuminate  rocks,  mosses,  and  water,  as 
well  as  massive  tree  trunks.  The  charm  of  this  picture  lies  in 
the  long  vista,  beneath  the  branches,  to  a  clearing  far  away. 

THE  SYCAMORES 

is  an  earlier  painting  by  the  same  artist,  and  pleases  many  by 
the  careful  blending  of  the,  softer  greens  with  the  grays,  as  is 
often  seen  in  forest  life. 

ENTRANCE  TO  THE  SOUTH  PAR  K 

is  exhibited  by  the  gentleman  owning  both  it  and  "Sycamores," 
and  is  a  characteristic  representation,  by  Henry  A.  Elkins,  of 
the  scenery  of  Colorado,  without  being  in  all  respects  a  literal 
view. 


14  Qricago  and  her  Exposition. 

A  BROOK  IN  THE  ADIRONDACKS, 

by  Charles  A.  Fiske,  of  Greenwich,  Conn.,  introduces  us  into 
the  very  heart  of  the  tangled  wildwood,  and  the  little  canvas 
possesses  many  beauties,  both  in  the  water  tumbling  over  the 
rocks  and  in  the  fidelity  to  nature  in  the  varied  tree  trunks. 

G.  S.  Collis  has  two  small  landscapes,  one  giving  a  brilliant 
sunset  over  the  plains  of  Colorado,  and  the  other  presenting 
the  cool  greens  of  a  luxuriant  summer  in  Vermont. 

E.  VON  PERBANDT, 

of  Dusseldorf,  paints  a  landscape  well  worthy  of  examination. 
It  is  not  the  subject,  for  he  only  paints  a  pasture,  with  a'road 
passing  up  the  hill-side  from  a  little  brook,  spanned  by  a  single 
arch  ;  but  there  is  a  good  quality  of  color  and  a  pleasing  har- 
mony of  tone  between  the  smoky  clouds,  the  dense  green  of 
the  clump  of  trees,  and  the  true  grassy  surface  of  the  field.  To 
add  a  little  warmth  to  the  place,  a  white  light  breaks  through  at 
the  horizon  and  blends  with  the  beautiful  greens. 

PASSING  SHOWER 

is  a  study  of  nature,  by  J.  F.  Kensett,  and  shows  his  sympathy 
with  the  changeful  moods  of  out-of-door  life. 

A  NOVEMBER  DAY 

is  a  gloomy  representation,  by  J.  R.  Brevoort,  of  New  York, 
and  is  true  to  late  autumn  life,  but  his  other  scene,  at  Fort 
Gloucester,  is  more  sympathetic. 

ON  THE  CONNECTICUT 

is  another  memento  of  the  genial  Kensett ;  in  this  we  can  hardly 
understand  where  the  river  gains  such  a  dull  color  and  such  a 
want  of  liquid  transparency,  under  a  sky  which  is  singularly 
warm  and  beautiful.  A  cloud,  unseen  by  us,  must  throw  a  shadow 
on  the  stream,  for  Kensett  was  extremely  faithful  in  his  painting. 

SUNSET  AFTER  A  STORM 

is  an  attempt,  by  K.  Van  Elten,  to  portray  the  change  in  the 
sky  when  the  setting  sun  seems  at  once  to  break  through  the 


The  Art  Gallery.  1 5 

leaden  clouds,  although  they  are  still  casting  heavy  shadows 
over  the  earth.  It  is  carefully  studied,  and  the  effects  desired 
have  been  fully  attained. 

A  BEACH  SCENE, 

by  William  Bradford,  is  a  good  painting,  by  an  artist  deservedly 
famous  in  this  country  and  in  England.  The  quiet  wave  strikes 
in  a  graceful,  curved  line  the  low,  brown  beach  at  the  foot  of  a 
dark,  perpendicular  cliff,  and  the  heavy  clouds  are  breaking 
away,  as  though  a  storm  had  passed  and  the  effects  had  died 
away  at  low  tide. 

WRECK MID-OCEAN 

is  a  more  ambitious  picture,  and  will  attract  many  visitors. 
Paul  Brown,  of  this  city,  always  does  well  in  painting  tumultuous 
waves,  and  this  is  his  best  painting  so  far.  It  possesses  merit  in 
the  moving  water,  and  in  the  texture  of  its  heavy,  smoky 
clouds.  Here  is  the  art  strength  of  the  picture,  and  the  sailor 
clinging  to  the  floating  mast  is  only  a  local  incident. 

OFF  SLEEPING  BEAR  POINT, 

by  the  same  artist,  suffers  by  comparison.  He  has  tried  to 
represent  a  familiar  point  on  Lake  Michigan,  but  his  manner 
seems  constrained  ;  the  vessel  sits  on  the  surface,  but  does  not 
seem  to  ride  there,  and  the  water  is  too  hard  to  admit  of  grace- 
ful motion.  As  soon  as  it  is  publicly  hung  its  faults  appear,  yet 
they  consist  of  a  series  of  little  things  which  can  be  easily 
remedied. 

A  GROUP   OF   FISH 

is  by  another  lover  of  the  sea ;  Samuel  M.  Brooks,  of  San 
Francisco,  has  won  a  desirable  reputation  for  success  in  fish 
painting.  The  beautiful  specimens  from  the  deep  are  partially 
hung  up  and  partly  lie  on  the  coarse  mat  covering  the  table. 
This  helps  the  artist  to  group  them  nicely  in  a  graceful  manner; 
the  lobster  seems  in  place  and  the  little  minnows  have  been 
carelessly  dropped.  The  happy  effect  of  the  reflected  light  from 
the  scales  and  the  easy  blending  of  lights  and  shadows  make 
this  a  valuable  acquisition  to  the  gallery. 


1 6  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

STILL   LIFE, 

by  P.  Schneider,  of  Chicago,  must  not  be  overlooked.  A  num- 
ber of  objects  are  crowded  on  a  table,  and  each  is  carefully 
painted,  yet  every  visitor  feels  the  statuette  looks  hard.  It  is 
right  of  itself,  but  it  stands  between  a  red  cloth  and  the  green 
and  purple  binding  of  a  book,  and  neither  color  nor  light  are 
artistically  carried  through  the  picture. 

GRANDPA'S  LITTLE  GIRL 

entitles  Rosa  F.  Peckham,  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  to 
honorable  mention,  and  no  wonder  the  ladies  admire  the  sweet- 
ness of  the  face  looking  out  from  the  white  furs. 

BASKET   OF   RASPBERRIES 

has  been  nicely  overturned  by  Mrs.  R.  G.  Packard,  of  Morris- 
town,  N.  J.,  and  doubtless  some  purchaser  will  gladly  obtain 
the  privilege  of  gathering  up  the  red  and  luscious  fruit. 

THE  SAVOYARD 

is  one  of  the  best  paintings  of  Miss  Kate  Cameron,  a  lady  who 
has  availed  herself  of  a  long  course  of  study  in  Paris,  and  has 
lately  returned  to  this  city. 

WHO'S  AFRAID  ! 

A 

is  a  saucy  sketch  by  Miss  Florence  B.  Morton,  which  evinces 
considerable  spirit  and  progress  in  correct  drawing. 

MRS.  A.  C.   FREELAND 

sends  several  little  upright  flower  pieces,  some  on  panel,  some 
on  tin,  often  selecting  sprays  of  flowers,  which  she  has  both 
drawn  and  colored  well. 

MIRAUDOTE, 

of  Paris,  has  a  large  flower  piece,  which  needs  to  be  studied  at 
a  distance,  for  the  profusion  of  color  and  variety  of  flowers  are 
confusing,  when  examined  too  closely. 

VAN   BAHAUIZEN 

has  a  companion  picture,  in  which  there  is  a  great  variety  of 


The  Art  Gallery.  \j 

roses,  yet  sufficiently  distinct  for  close  examination,  and  the 
artist  has  transferred  the  fresh  look  of  nature  to  the  canras. 
There  is  good  study  of  the  laws  of  color,  and  the  drawing  has 
decided  vigor. 

IN  THE  CORN-FIELD 

is  a  landscape  by  E.  W.  Hall,  in  which  the  foreground  of  a 
field,  filled  with  corn-stalks  in  the  shock,  is  the  least  interesting 
portion,  for,  though  the  painter  has  treated  artistically  the  mo- 
notony of  the  scene,  yet  the  clear  bright  sky  and  the  good 
water  beyond  are  shut  off  from  the  view.  The  tree  at  the  left 
is  finely  painted,  and  the  visitor  will  find  the  picture  has  much 
beauty  outside  of  the  corn-field. 

ON   THE   SCHUYLKILL, 

by  Mary  Kollock,  is  a  fine  representation  of  the  river,  and  the 
dark  herbage,  put  into  a  strong  shadow,  by  its  very  contrast 
adds  to  the  liquid  character  of  the  water.  It  shows  how  many 
methods  can  be  used  to  obtain  equally  desirable  results. 

KENSINGTON    GARDEN 

is  not  a  representation  of  the  beautiful  park  which  the  British 
government  has  prepared  for  the  people,  but  Mignot  goes  back 
a  few  years,  and,  in  the  desolation  of  winter,  shows  a  hunter  seek- 
ing for  game  in  the  deserted  field.  It  is  the  only  snow  study  in 
the  room. 

STORM    IN   THE   SHAWANGUNK   MOUNTAINS 

is  a  literal  study  of  nature,  by  G.  H.  McCord,  of  Yonkers,  N. 
Y.,  for  in  no  other  way  would  he  find  the  heavy  shadows  on  the 
black  cliff,  only  brought  out  still  stronger  by  the  soft  sunlight 
still  falling  on  the  trees  near  the  brook.  There  is  too  close  a 
representation  of  the  stormy  side  of  nature  to  peioiit  the  scene 
to  be  understood  without  patient  examination. 

H.  BURCKEL 

has  chosen  an  entirely  different  class  of  subjects.  In  one,  the 
farmer  and  his  good  wife  sit  beside  the  cottage,  watching 


1 8  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

their  cattle  and  sheep,  and  in  the  other  the  whole  village  seems 
to  gather  at  the  fountain.  German  life  and  the  German  school 
of  painting  are  strongly  characterized  in  his  landscapes. 

DIEFFENBACH 

gives,  it  is  true,  a  German  picture  in  color  and  in  handling,  but 
it  is  a  beautiful  study  of  life,  which  can  be  appreciated  both  by 
the  artist  and  the  child.  A  little  girl  turns  up  a  bright  plate  for 
a  mirror  and  the  mother  hen,  after  giving  the  alarm  to  her 
brood,  charges  furiously  on  the  reflection.  The  cat  supposes  the 
onset  is  intended  for  her,  but  the  mischief-maker  rejoices  in  her 
success  at  deception. 

CINDERELLA, 

by  Arthur  Pickering,  of  Chicago,  is  another  picture  for  the 
children,  who  will  remember  the  story  of  the  glass  slipper. 
Since  its  removal  from  the  vicinity  of  the  army  red  of  Britannia 
the  fire  seems  to  brighten  up,  but  the  artist  needs  to  retouch  his 
background  to  bring  out  more  prominently  the  head  of  the  girl. 

TEA   PARTY    IN    THE   GARRET, 

by  S.  Verplanck,  of  Fishkill,  New  York,  is  just  such  a  scene  as 
the  little  girls  love  to  witness  as  well  as  to  participate  in.  The 
thoughtful  mother  must  have  carefully  swept  down  every  cob- 
web, for  in  our  days  dust  would  gather  there,  but  the  assumed 
character  of  matronly  dignity  by  the  children  is  finely  given. 

THE  YOUNG   ORATOR, 

by  the  same  artist,  is  not  as  good  a  picture,  but  it  is  only  fair 
that  the  boys  should  have  a  place,  for  here  is  the  stiffness  of  the 
youthful  Demosthenes  on  the  stage  of  a  country  school-house. 

BLACK   AND    TAN. 

If  anybody  can  make  a  dog  prick  up  his  ears  at  a  sudden 
whistle,  it  is  H.  C.  Bispham.  Here  he  has  given  an  animated 
drawing  of  the  mother  seeking  her  puppies  behind  the  ottoman, 
and  beautiful  contrasts  of  color. 


The  Art  Gallery.  19 

HARD    TO    MANAGE 

is  another  representation  of  nature.  By  raising  a  cloud  of  dust 
C.  M.  Johns,  of  Pittsburgh,  keeps  the  attention  on  the  five 
horses  which  almost  master  one  man.  The  variety  of  action, 
the  spirit  and  the  grouping  make  this  a  good  horse  picture. 

RAM'S  HEAD. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  room  is  a  fine  head  of  a  ram,  by 
F.  W.  Freer,  which  is  well  drawn  in  a  very  threatening  position. 

FRUIT  AND    WINE, 

by  George  Harvey,  of  this  city,  is  very  good,  the  texture  of  the 
glass  is  only  fair,  but  the  bloom  appears  on  the  peach  and  Cali- 
fornia pear,  and  the  dark  grapes  are  finely  arranged  and  possess 
the  liquid  freshness  of  ripe  fruit. 

A.   F.  BROOKS 

has  also  succeeded  well  in  painting  fruit,  and  it  is  hard  to  choose 
between  the  apple  and  the  nuts,  in  excellence  of  quality  and 
color. 

A  PLATE  OF  PEARS 

is  the  best  of  the  kfruit  to  which  Daniel  Wagner,  of  Norwich, 
N.  Y.,  invites  us,  aud  they  truly  promise  to  furnish  good  eating. 

PORTRAITS. 

There  is  a  large  collection  of  portraits  in  the  gallery,  some 
of  which  are  good  and  others  are  poor ;  and,  at  this  season  of 
the  year,  it  seems  as  though  our  home  artists  were  devoted  to 
portraiture,  for  our  landscape  work  is  not  fairly  represented. 
As  far  as  it  is  judicious  the  names  of  the  sitters  appear  in  the 
catalogue,  and  the  friends  of  the  artists  will  have  a  fine  oppor- 
tunity to  criticise  the  work.  Only  one,  of  the  more  than  score 
of  portrait  painters,  has  given  a  full  length  picture,  and  this 
might  almost  be  ranked  among  the  figure  pieces,  for  it  is  an  ex- 
cellent study  of  drapery,  with  a  position  in  which  ladies  are  apt 
to  stand,  but  the  quality  of  the  painting  of  the  head  is  not  as 
good  as  in  another  portrait  by  the  same  artist. 


2O  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

MILES   STANDISH. 

A  picture  of  the  Puritan  hero,  scarred  by  many  battles  with 
the  Indians,  and  with  a  disfigured  eye,  is  said  to  be  an  original 
portrait  painted  in  England.  The  closest  inquiry  has  failed  to 
elicit  the  name  of  the  painter,  but  investigations  have  been 
instituted  in  England  which  may  yet  prove  successful. 

CHICAGO  RESURGE. 

We  cannot  believe  that  any  visitor  has  overlooked  the  im- 
mense figure  painting  by  Edward  Armitage,  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  London.  The  picture  was  presented  to 
Chicago  for  her  new  City  Hall  by  the  proprietors  of  the  London 
Graphic,  and  already  has  a  wide  reputation.  As  an  allegorical 
painting  it  cannot  be  underst6od  without  studp,  and  after  two 
months'  close  examination  we  must  say,  as  a  work  of  art,  it  is  a 
decided  success.  Whether  the  expression  is  pleasing  or  the  story 
flattering  to  American  pride,  is  not  to  be  inquired,  but  we  must 
meet  two  questions  only :  Has  the  artist  vividly  represented 
his  design,  and  has  he  complied  with  the  rules  of  art  ?  What 
was  his  commission  ?  He  was  selected  to  paint  an  allegorical 
picture,  which  would  represent  the  aid  afforded  by  England  to 
suffering  Chicago  in  her  distress.  Hence  he  portjays  vigorous 
Chicago  entirely  stripped  of  her  beautiful  clothing  of  purple,  of 
which  the  last  vestige  is  seen  still  smoking,  and,  though  losing 
all  of  her  possessions,  yet  she  has  escaped  from  personal  injury. 
America  has  partially  raised  the  fainting  form,  has  administered 
a  stimulating  cordial,  and,  as  though  she  had  done  all  in  her 
power,  now  turns  to  Britannia,  who  comes  to  the  aid  with  vigor 
and  fresh  strength.  The  same  idea  is  expressed  in  the  watchful 
and  tired  eagle,  and  the  quiet  lion  at  entire  rest. 

It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  a  zealous  member  of  the  Church 
of  England  would  admire  the  Puritan  type  of  character,  so  he 
has  represented  America  as  a  mingling  of  the  French  Huguenot 
and  Indian  races.  Hence  there  is  both  intellectual  power  and 
studied  reserved  in  the  face,  but  Britannia  beams  with  interest 
and  sympathy.  The  laws  of  art  have  been  complied  with  in 


The  Art  Gallery.  21 

the  drawing,  grouping  and  arrangement  of  color  and  light. 
Trace  the  golden  tint  in  the  figures  of  Britannia's  robe,  in  her 
belt  and  coat  of  arms,  and  then  diffused  through  the  mantle  of 
America.  The  rosy  tints  can  be  traced  from  the  flaming  ruins, 
caught  up  by  the  pink,  diffused  through  the  heavy  maroon  skirt, 
repeated  in  the  ribbon  on  the  head  of  the  nude  figure  and 
finally  absorbed  by  the  flag.  By  frequent  study,  those  who 
enjoy  a  true  work  of  art  will  learn  to  appreciate  the  talent  of 
the  artist.  The  sky  and  the  heavy  masses  of  clouds  are  the 
least  satisfactory  part  of  the  painting,  for  they  are  cold  and 
hard. 

LONG  BRANCH  BY  MOONLIGHT 

is  the  first  picture  by  C.  G.  Rosenberg  which  has  ever  come  to 
the  West.  It  is  hard  to  understand,  for  the  foreground  is  filled 
with  a  group  of  people,  finely  drawn,  but  the  contrasts  of  light 
and  shadow  have  an  unpleasant  effect.  Still  the  central  interest 
of  the  picture  is  in  the  quiet  ocean  and  •  the  soft  moonlight 
which  streams  over  it,  with  a  beauty  which  can  rarely  be 
excelled. 

CENTRAL  PARK 

represents  a  gay  group  of  people  on  the  steps,  between  the  lake 
and  the  mall,  by  the  same  artist.  Still  the  scene  lacks  artistic 
treatment,  and  is  by  no  means  as  worthy  as  the  other. 

SEALING  THE  LETTER 

is  a  beautiful  figure  piece  by  George  Harvey,  who  has  carefully 
painted  a  beautiful  blonde,  in  the  act  of  melting  the  wax  to 
seal  a  letter.  The  texture  and  color  of  drapery,  and  the  grace- 
ful position  are  very  good,  and  a  little  softening  of  the  shadow 
on  the  face  and  intensifying  of  the  modeling  will  make  this 
worthy  of  reception  at  any  art-gallery  in  the  world. 

THE  CREOLE 

is  a  pastel  picture,  by  J.  Gollmann,  of  a  lady  leaning  fonvard 
•n  the  arm  of  a  chair,  which  is  not  represented,  leaving  the 
visitor  to  wonder  at  the  strange  position. 


22  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

ST.  MARK  S  CHURCH 

is  an  unusual  representation  of  the  interior  of  the  famous  cathe- 
dral of  Venice.  The  artist  is  C.  G.  Dyer,  and  he  has  chosen 
one  of  the  few  days  in  the  year  when  the  sunlight  streams 
through  the  window  and  rests  on  the  interior  pillars.  Thus  he 
avoids  the  prevailing  gloom  of  continental  churches,  and 
portrays  the  best  work  of  the  old  architects  in  a  warm  light. 

M.  Knoedler,  of  New  York,  has  sent  to  the  Exposition 
a  fine  series  of  good  paintings,  which  add  to  the  variety  of  the 
art  exhibition. 

MOORISH  PEASANTRY, 

- 

by  Louis  C.  Tiffany,  of  New  York,  could  well  be  called  a  study 
of  hats,  but  there  is  a  beautiful  vein  of  color,  traceable  from  the 
red  sand  through  the  group  in  white  drapery. 

HIGHLAND   SHEEP 

is  a  good  exhibition  of  the  petting  the  Scotch  shepherdess  gives 
to  her  sheep.  The  little  lamb,  and  the  long-wooled  sheep,  have 
been  gracefully  painted  by  E.  Schenck,  of  Paris. 

THE  ANTIQUARIAN 

seems  to  be  greatly  puzzled  at  the  value  of  a  mug,  on  whose 
beauty  the  old  man  is  expatiating ;  A.  K.  Littschauer  warms 
his  pictures  with  golden  tints  in  the  platter,  and  the  hair  and 
clothing  of  the  younger  man. 

THE  LETTER 

is  being  read  with  considerable  interest,  by  the  girl  leaning 
against  the  dresser,  and  A.  Pabst,  of  Paris,  has  thrown  consid- 
erable animation  into  the  old  mother's  face. 

AWAITING  PAPA'S  RETURN 

is  a  fine  illustration  of  child-life,  by  Henry  Picou,  of  Paris. 
On  a  low  seat  two  children  are  seated,  and  a  woman  is  looking 
over  them,  down  the  road. 

DANCING  LESSON 

is  full  of  suggestive  figures,  by  Otto  Guenther,  of  Dusseldorf. 


The  Art  Gallery.  23 

The  old  teacher,  with  the  fiddle  under  his  arm,  is  teaching  the 
correct  step  to  two  ladies,  whom  the  group  of  young  people  are 
watching.  At  the  other  wall  sits  an  awkward  gallant  whisper- 
ing to  the  girls,  and  in  the  background  a  deaf  lady  is  receiving 
a  message  through  her  ear  trumpet. 

GOSSIP 

is  well  understood  by  J.  Carolus,  of  Brussels,  and  the  lady  with 
the  crimson  dress  leans  back  on  the  sofa  to  receive  the  choice 
tale,  given  her  in  an  entertaining  manner  by  the  visitor  in 
black. 

THE  OLD  CLEARING 

is  a  landscape,  painted  by  A.  H.  Wyant,  with  sleek  and  animated 
deer  added  by  A.  F.  Tait.  Both  have  done  well. 

THE  FIRST   BUTTERFLY 

is  a  scene  in  a  German  kitchen,  and  O.  Rethel,  of  Dusseldorf, 
strongly  expresses  character  iri  the  face  of  the  old  woman,  who 
leans  on  a  child,  as  they  both  watch  the  first  comer  in  the 
spring.  The  shadows  are  intense,  and  in  all  respects  the  work 
is  very  fine. 

THE  PLEASURES  OF  CHILDHOOD, 

by  C.  Beinke,  is  another  painting  of  the  Dusseldorf  school,  but 
its  principal  value  is  in  the  variety  of  positions  of  the  children, 
and  the  opportunity  for  a  study  of  color. 

CRAYONS. 

The  south  room  contains  some  excellent  crayons ;  such  as 
the  old  head  of  Mr.  Runnion,  and  the  vigorous  one  of  David 
A.  Gage,  of  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  by  Julius  Gollmann. 
There  is  a  softness  about  these  which  marks  them  as  the  work 
of  an  artist.  Opposite  to  these  Mrs.  S.  M.  Fassett  has  a  crayon 
of  a  little  girl,  which  is  done  with  the  precision  of  sculpture, 
and  then,  in  different  style,  portraits  of  the  Register  in  Bank- 
ruptcy in  this  city,  and  of  Col.  J.  W.  Foster,  the  late  presides  t 
of  the  Academy  of  Sciences. 


24  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

The  ornamentation  of  the  scree'n  of  this  room  consists  of 
castings  in  the  new  material  of  carton-pierre,  which  is,  in  some 
respects,  similar  to  papier-mache,  though  better  adapted  to 
architectural  decoration. 

SCULPTURE. 

In  a  new  city  little  attention  is  given  to  the  works  of  the 
sculptor,  and  the  risk  of  removal  has  prevented  many  from 
loaning  their  works.  Potter  Palmer  has  consented  to  exhibit 
here  his  copy  of  Zenobia,  the  queen  of  old  Palmyra,  by  Miss 
Harriet  Hosmer.  This  is  reduced  to  life-size,  from  the  original 
heroic  statue,  but  there  is  the  same  beauty  of  form,  without  the 
majestic  presence. 

THE    YOUNG   AUGUSTUS 

is  a  copy  of  a  bust  found  at  Ostia,  the  old  harbor  of  Rome, 
only  a  few  years  ago,  and  which  is  supposed  to  have  been  made 
as  a  portrait  of  the  emperor  at  an  early  age. 

VOLK'S  STATUETTES 

t 

of  Lincoln  and  Douglas  are  studies  for  larger  figures,  by  an 
artist  who  enjoyed  the  intimate  acquaintance  of  both  statesmen, 
and  who  has  here  expressed  his  ideas  of  the  character  of  the 
two  men. 

"DREAMING" 

is  a  little  bust  by  A.  L.  Lansing,  which  marks  the  progress 
of  a  student,  and  ought  to  incite  him  to  study  closely  the  laws 
of  art. 

The  busts  in  the  room,  of  the  son  of  S.  B.  Cobb,  and  the 
plaster  model  of  the  banker-editor,  Jonathan  Young  Scammon, 
are  also  by  L.  W.  Volk. 

NEGRO  STUDIES. 

The  life  in  Virginia  of  Edward  V.  Valentine  has  given 
him  a  fine  opportunity  to  delineate  the  character  of  the  colored 
race.  There  is  much  of  sarcasm  in  his  "Knowledge  is  Power,'* 
and  a  fine  conception  of  the  little  black  rascal,  whom  he  calls 


The  Art  Gallery.  25 

"  The  Nation's  Ward."  The  sculptor,  too,  is  a  true  artist,  and 
in  his  humor  has  not  forgotten  to  express  nature. 

IONE 

attracts  much  attention  by  its  odd  name,  and  by  its  being  an 
original  statute  by  L.  W.  Volk,  of  this  city.  It  was  a  commis- 
sion from  H.  O.  Stone,  based  on  the  description  by  Glaucus,  in 
a  passage  of  Bulwer's  "  Last  days  of  Pompeii,"  of  the  beau- 
tiful maiden,  of  Athenian  descent,  whom  he  met  in  the  Temple 
of  Minerva,  at  Naples.  He  describes  her  as  having  raised  her 
veil  in  prayer,  and  when  their  eyes  met  he  felt  her  face  was 
exquisitely  moulded  and  animated  with  beauty.  Addressing 
her  in  respectful  tones,  he  invited  her  to  place  her  olive  garland 
with  his  own  upon  the  altar.  Such  is  the  scene  which  the  artist 
has  represented,  and  the  quiet  face  looks  out  to  meet  Glaucus, 
as  though  she  could  trust  the  stranger.  The  possibility  of  move- 
ment has  been  finely  expressed  by  the  artist,  and  the  lines  of 
the  upraised  arm  are  beautifully  moulded.  The  statue  reflects 
great  credit  on  the  artist,  and  forms  a  fitting  climax  to  the 
collection  made  so  hastily,  and  yet  so  well,  in  our  young  city. 

PHOTOGRAPHS. 

The  north  room  of  the  art-hall  is  entirely  occupied  by  the 
beautiful  products  of  our  local  photographers,  excepting  the 
Indian  curiosities  and  portraits  from  the  sole  exhibitor  from 
our  youngest  territory,  Arizona.  The  presence  of  the  young 
Apache,  Little  Montezuma,  has  attracted  considerable  attention, 
especially  as  he  is  now  with  Mr.  Charles  Gentile,  who  has  the 
convenient  photographic  studio  just  opposite  to  the  new  mer- 
cantile palace  of  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.,  at  the  corner  of  State  and 
Washington  streets. 

Those  who  would  like  to  examine  more  delicate  Indian  arti- 
cles or  to  inquire  still  further  about  the  methods  of  photo- 
graphy, are  cordially  invited  to  step  into  the  only  water-balance 
elevator  in  the  world  used  by  a  photographer.  The  elevator 
runs  constantly  without  charge,  and  is  the  safest,  smoothest  and 
largest  in  the  city. 


26  Chicago  and  her  Exposition. 

The  character  of  Gentile's  art  work,  made  under  a  very  large 
and  lofty  sky-light,  can  be  seen  in  the  photographic  hall.  His 
ideas  of  arrangement  are  very  good,  and  whether  it  is  the  little 
Apache,  a  sprightly  girl,  or  the  grave  board  of  directors,  in 
every  case  he  succeeds  in  taking  a  picture,  which  is  both  clear 
cut  and  soft  in  outline.  The  finished  surface  of  his  photographs, 
the  easy  position  of  the  sitters,  and  the  skill  in  taking  the  dra- 
pery, make  his  pictures  unusually  good.  The  visitor  will  not 
find  a  large  display  of  portraits  of  beautiful  ladies  in  elegant 
costumes,  for  the  artist  is  one  of  the  latest  comers,  and  the  finan- 
cial troubles  have  delayed  many  who  had  promised  to  give  him 
patronage.  By  another  year  this  will  be  remedied,  and  now 
there  are  plenty  of  the  more  useful  specimens  of  ordinary  por- 
trait work. 

The  beautiful  water-color  miniatures  among  Gentile's  por- 
traits are  the  smallest  in  the  exhibition,  and  are  the  work  of  J. 
Arnold  Morris,  who  is  now  finishing  some  ordered  work  for 
Gentile. 

In  addition  to  portrait  work,  Gentile  is  the  official  photog- 
rapher of  the  Exposition,  and  even  his  competitors  admire  the 
artistic  arrangement,  the  clearness,  and  the  pleasing  tone  of 
his  prints.  In  beautiful  finish  his  views  and  portraits  will  bear 
the  closest  comparison  with  the  best  New  York  work,  and  excel 
any  ever  made  in  the  West.  Even  under  great  disadvantages  in 
Arizona,  Gentile  took  both  the  exterior  and  interior  views  of 
the  most  attractive  church  in  America,  the  church  of  San  Xavier 
del  Bee,  and  of  the  Casa  Grande  of  the  Montezumas,  which 
are  among  the  most  artistic  pictures  of  the  Exposition. 

LITHOGRAPHS. 

The  fine  work  on  the  first  page  of  the  cover  ,of  this  book 
was  done  at  the  corner  of  Washington  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue, 
by  the  National  Lithographic  Institute,  who  make  a  large  display 
of  samples  of  their  work  on  the  screens  before  the  Art  Gallery. 


THE  ART  CATALOGUE. 


JAS.  F.  AITKEN,  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  ART  GALLERY. 

PAINTINGS   IN   OIL   AND   WATER   COLORS. 

TITLE  AND  ARTIST.  OWNER. 

AUTUMN  IN  THE  SIERRA.     (See  page  3.) 

A.  Bierstadt.  Artist,  New  York. 

FIRE  MEMORIAL  PAINTING.     (See  page  20.) 

E.  Armitage,  R.  A.,  London.  Chicago. 

LONG  BRANCH  BY  MOONLIGHT.     (See  page  21.) 

C.  G.  Rosenberg.  Artist,  New  York. 

CENTRAL  PARK.     (See  page  21.) 

C.  G.  Rosenberg.  Artist,  New  York. 

BASKET  OF  RASPBERRIES.     (See  page  16.) 

Mrs.  R.  G.  Packard.  Artist,  New  York. 

GROUP  OF  FISH.     (See  page  15.) 

Sam'l  M.  Brooks,  San  Francisco.  E.  Bierstadt. 

NORWAY  LANDSCAPE.     (See  page  7.) 

S.  Hammerstadt.  Artist,  Chicago. 

HARD  TO  MANAGE.     (See  page  19.) 

Clarence  M.  Johns,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Artist. 

GLENCOE,  SCOTLAND.     (See  page  5.) 

Arthur  Parton,  New  York.  Emigh. 

LAKE  MEMPHREMAGOG.     (See  page  6.) 

J.  C.  Wiggins.  Emigh. 

ADIRONDACKS.     (See  page  6.) 

Arthur  Parton,  New  York.  Emigh. 

ADIRONDACKS.     (See  page  6.) 

Arthur  Parton,  N.  Y.  Emigh. 

FLOWERS.     (See  page  16.) 

Miraudote.  Emigh. 


NTo.  TITLE  AND  ARTIST.  OWNER. 

14  UNEXPECTED  FRIENDS  ON  THE  BATTLE  FIELD. 

II.  Balling,  New  York.  Artist. 

15  I  DO  LISTEN— NORWEGIAN  SHEPHERDESS. 

H.  Balling,  New  York.  Artist. 

16  GROUP  OF  CHILDREN. 

Pine,  Chicago.  J.  W.  Doane. 

17  THE  BEAUTIFUL  GARDENER.     (Seepage  8.) 

Plassan,  Paris.  Kellogg. 

18  COMMITTING  TO  MEMORY.     (See  page  8.) 

Holfeld,  Paris.  Kellogg. 

19  THE  LOCKET.     (See  page  8.) 

J.  Coomans,  Paris.  Kellogg. 

20  LAKE  IN  THE  WOODS.     (Seepages.) 

Geo.  H.  Smillie.  Artist. 

21  LAKE  CHAMPLAIN— Near  Burlington,  Vt.     (See  page  7.) 

D.  F.  Bigelow.  Artist. 

22  SYCAMORES.     (See  page  13.) 

H.  C.  Ford.  E.  Burnham. 

23  ENTRANCE  SOUTH  PARK.     (See  page  13.) 

H.  A.  Elkins.  E.  Burnham. 

24  OCTOBER  WOODS.     (See  page  13.) 

H.  C.  Ford.  Artist. 

25  MARINE  COAST  OF  MEXICO. 

L.  Holtz.  Artist. 

26  STEAMSHIP  BALTIC. 

Wm.  Ferguson.  White  Star  Line. 

27  PORTRAIT  OF  MISS  AITKEN. 

Schwerdt.  Miss  Aitken. 

28  BROOK  IN  THE  ADIRONDACKS.     (See  page  14.) 

Chas.  A.  Fiske,  Fairfield,  Conn.  Artist. 

29  THE  CHRISTMAS  GIFT.     (See  page  8.) 

Holfeld,  Paris.  Kellogg. 

30  VIEW  ON  THE  DES  PLAINES.     (See  page  7.) 

Annie  C.  Shaw.  Artist. 

31  PORTRAIT  OF  DR.  F.  W.  FREER. 

F.  W.  Freer.  F  W.  Freer. 

32  PORTRAIT. 

F.  W.  Freer.  Artist. 

33  INTERIOR  IN  XVI.  CENTURY.     (See  page  9.) 

Knarren,  Brussels.  Kellogg. 

34  PORTRAIT,  HON.  LEONARD  SWETT. 

A.  E.  Darling.  Mr.  Swett. 

35  PORTRAIT  OF  A  LADY. 

A.  E.  Darling.  Artist. 


No.  TITLE  AND  ARTIST.  OWNER. 

36  MY  LITTLE  SISTER. 

J.  R.  Stites.  Artist. 

37  PORTRAIT. 

H.  E.  Peterson.  Artist. 

38  THE  QUEEN  OF  PEACE.     (See  page  9.) 

lilenbach,  Dusseldorf.  Kellogg. 

39  TEA  PARTY  IN  THE  GARRET.     (See  page  18.) 

Samuel  Verplanck.  Artist. 

40  THE  YOUNG  ORATOR.     (See  page  18.) 

Samuel  Verplanck.  Artist. 

41  BEACH  SCENE.     (See  page  10.) 

\\m.  Bradford. 

42  GRANDPA'S  LITTLE  GIRL.     (See  page  1 6.) 

Rose  F.  Peckham.  Artist. 

43  PORTRAIT. 

John  Phillips.  Artist. 

44  PORTRAIT. 

S.  Kelley.  Artist. 

45  FRUIT. 

J.  P.  Andrews,  N.  Y.  „  Artist. 

46  ON  THE  SCHUYLKILL.     (Seepage^.) 

Mary  Kollock.  Artist. 

47  STORM  IN  THE  SHAWANGUNK  MTS.     (See  page  17.) 

G.  H.  McCord,  Brooklyn.  Artist. 

48  GRAPES. 

Mrs.  Henshaw,  New  York.  Artist. 

49  FOUNTAIN  OF  POMPEII.     (See  page  8.) 

J.  Coomans,  Paris.  Kellogg. 

50  PORTRAIT. 

Stephen  Kelley.  Artist. 

51  ON  THE  CONNECTICUT.     (See  page  14.) 

J.  F.  Kensett.  Emigh. 

52  LAKE  GEORGE.     (See  page  6.) 

J.  F.  Kensett.  Emigh. 

53  SUNSET  AFTER  A  STORM.     (See  page  14.) 

K.  Van  Elten.  Emigh. 

54  A  NOVEMBER  DAY.     (See  page  14.) 

J.  R.  Brevoort.  Emigh. 

25     CORN-HUSKING  DOWN  EAST.     (See  page  9.) 

Eastman  Johnson.  Kellogg. 

56  THE  OLD  NOBLEMAN.     (See  page  9.) 

Siegert,  Dusseldorf.  Kellogg. 

57  AFTERNOON  ON  THE  HUDSON.     (See  page  7.) 

Wm.  Hart,  New  York.  Kellogg. 


No.  TITLE  AND  ARTIST.  OWNER. 

58  THE  FORGE.     (See  page  10.) 

Verschour,  Holland.  Kellogg. 

59  PORTRAIT  OF  OWEN  MCCARTHY. 

F.  L.  Rockwell.  Artist. 

60  PORTRAIT  OF  J.  C.  GAULT. 

Frank  M.  Pebbles.  J.  C.  Gault. 

6 1  PORTRAIT  OF  MRS.  J.  W.  HODGKINS. 

Frank  M.  Pebbles.  Mr.  Hodgkins. 

62  PORTRAIT. 

H.  E.  C.  Peterson.  Artist. 

63  WHO'S  AFRAID.     (See  page  16.) 

Miss  Florence  B.  Morton.  Artist. 

64  LAKE  MAGGIORE.     (See  page  6.) 

A.  Waagon.  M.  Ryerson. 

65  LANDSCAPE  NEAR  ROME. 

H.  Burckel.  M.  Ryerson. 

66  LANDSCAPE — Bavarian  Mountain. 

H.  Burckel.  M.  Ryerson. 

67  THE  PILLAR  LAKE.     (See  page  6.) 

Reckmann.  M.  Ryerson. 

68  CONGREGATIONAL  SINGING.     (See  page  10.) 

Teniers.  Kellogg. 

69  FLOWERS  AND  VASES.     (See  page  10.) 

Robie,  Brussels.  Kellogg. 

70  LEAVING  HOME.     (See  page  10.) 

Carl  Hubner,  Dusseldorf.  Kellogg. 

71  FLEMISH  INTERIOR.     (See  page  n.) 

Von  Hove,  Holland.  Kellogg. 

72  THE  HOME  OF  MOTHER  CAREY'S  CHICKENS.    (See  page  11.) 

F.  M.  H.  DeHaas,  New  York.  Kellogg. 

73  THE  STUDENT.     (See  page  11.) 

Fredericks,  New  York.  Kellogg. 

74  THE  SLEEPY  NURSE.     (See  page  n.) 

Wm.  Morgan,  New  York.  Kellogg. 

75  APPLES.     (See  page  12.) 

M.  Brown,  New  York.  Kellogg. 

76  CATTLE.     (See  page  12.) 

Beekhausen,  Copenhagen.  Kellogg. 

77  CHICKENS. 

Tail,  New  York.  Kellogg. 

78  FRUIT  AND  WINE.     (See  page  12.) 

Wilms,  Florence.  Kellogg. 

79  EXPECTATION.     (See  page  8.) 

Victor  Chavet.  Kellogg. 


No.  TITLE  AND  ARTIS^.  OWNER. 

50  A  GLIMPSE  OF  THE  CATSKILLS.     (See  page  12.) 

A.  D.  Sbattuck,  New  York.  Kellogg. 

51  VENICE.     (See  page  10.) 

David  Neal.  Kellcgg. 

82  THE  CHILD'S  PRAYER.     (See  page  12.) 

Meyer  Yon  Bremen,  Berlin.  Kellogg. 

83  TAKING  THE  LIKENESS.     (See  page  13.) 

Ed.  Frere,  Paris.  Kellogg. 

84  CABBAGE  PATCH.     (See  page  13.) 

J.  Merahn.  Kellogg. 

85  SUMMER.     (See  page  12.) 

J.  D.  Smillie,  New  York.  Kellogg. 

86  SAPPHO.     (See  page  12.) 

Leslie,  London.  Kellogg. 

87  THE  SAILOR. 

Copy,  by  Miss  Eva  Hammond. 

88  THE  HAWK  BOY. 

Couteur,  copy  by  Miss  Hammond. 

89  CINDERELLA.     (See  page  18.) 

A.  Pickering,  Chicago.  Artist. 

90  THE  SAVOYARD.     (See  page  16.) 

Kate  Cameron.  Artist. 

91  PORTRAIT  OF  GEORGE  HARVEY. 

John  Phillips.  George  Harvey. 

92  PORTRAIT  OF  MRS.  WALKER. 

John  Phillips.  Mr.  Walker. 

93  AFTER  A  SHOWER.     (See  page  14.) 

H.  Von  Elten,  New  York.  Emigh. 

94  PASSING  SHOWER,     (See  page  14.) 

J.  F.  Kensett,  New  York.  Emigh. 

95  KENSINGTON  GARDEN.     (See  page  17.) 

Mignot.  Emigh. 

96  SEALING  THE  LETTER.     (See  Page  21.) 

Geo.  H.  Harvey,  Chicago  Artist. 

97  COAST  SCENE. 

J.  R.  Brevoort,  New  York.  Emigh. 

98  FLOWERS  AND  VINES.     (See  page  16.) 

Mrs.  A.  C.  Freeland.  Miss  Morion. 

99  ONLY  WAITING. 

La  Soeur.  Samuel  J.  Smith. 

100  AUTUMN  SUNSET. 

Prof.  Streight,  Chicago. 

101  PASTEL  PORTRAIT,  THE  CREOLE  LADY.     (See  page  21.) 

J.  Gollmann,  Chicago.  Artist. 


No.  TITLB  AND  ARTIST.  OWN  an. 

102  CRAYON  PORTRAIT  OF  DAVID  A.  GAGE. 

J.  Gollmann.  Mr.  Gage. 

103  PORTRAIT  OF  GOV.  BROSS. 

J.  Gollmann.  Gov.  Bross. 

104  PORTRAIT  OF  P.  A.  HALL. 

J.  Gollmann.  P.  A.  Hall. 

105  CONTENTED. 

J.  Gollmann.  Artist. 

106  IN  THE  CORNFIELD.     (Seepage  17.) 

E.  W.  Hall.  Artist. 

107  CRAYON  PORTRAIT  OF  J.  YOUNG  SCAMMON. 

Mrs.  S.  M.  Fassett.  Mr.  Scamrr 

108  CRAYON  PORTRAIT  OF  H.  W.  HIBBARD.     (See  page  - 

Mrs.  S.  M.  Fassett.  Mr.  H 

109  CRAYON  STUDY  OF  A  CHILD.     (See  page  23.) 

Mrs.  S.  M.  Fassett. 

1 10  CRAYON  PORTRAIT  OF  LOUIS  WAHL. 

Rabat.  Mr.  \, 

in     CRAYON  PORTRAIT  OF  MAYOR  J.  MEDILL. 

Rabat.  J.  Medill. 

112  CRAYON  PORTRAIT  OF  DR.  MILLER. 

Rabat.  Dr.  Miller. 

113  STILL  LIFE.     (See  page  16.) 

P.  Schneider.  Artist. 

114  PROTECTING  HER  PETS.     (Seepage  18.) 

Dieffenbach. 

115  PORTRAIT  OF  A  CHILD. 

Mrs.  St.  John. 

116  PORTRAIT  OF  A  CHILD. 

Mrs.  St.  John.  Artist.,!^ 

117  INTERIOR  OF  ST.  MARK'S  CHURCH.     (See  page  22.) 

C.  G.  Dyer.  Artist. 

118  CRAYON  PORTRAIT  OF  MR.  RUNNICfN.     (See  page  23.) 

J.  Gollmann.  Mr.  Runnion.' 

119  LANDSCAPE.     (See  page  14.) 

E.  Von  Perbandt,  Dusseldorf.  M.  Knoedler,  N.  Y. 

301  CHRISTIANS  LEAVING  JERUSALEM. 

Meirielt,  after  Kaulbach.  M.  Ryerson. 

302  WRECK  IN  MID-OCEAN.     (See  page  15.) 

Paul  Brown.  Artist. 

303  OFF  SLEEPING  BEAR  POINT.     (See  page  15.) 

Paul  Brown.  Artist. 

304  WASHINGTON— After  Siom/on's  Cast.     (See  page  13.) 

J.  \V.  Dodge.  Artist. 


No. 
305 

306 

3°7 

308 

309 

10 


M.  Knoedler. 


M.  Knoedler. 


M.  Knoedler. 


M.  Knoedler. 
M.  Knoedler. 


us 


TITLE  AND  ART^.  OWNER. 

ONE  THAT  TH1RSTETH.    j;Se£  page  13.) 

A.  F.  Brooks.  Artist. 

THE  OLD,  OLD  STORY.     (Seepage  13.) 

A.  F.  Brooks.  Artist. 

PORTRAIT  OF  ROBERT  COLYER.     (See  page  13.) 

A.  F.  Brooks.  <  Artist. 

PORTRAIT  OF  LADY  AND  CHILD. 

G.  P.  A.  Healy,  Rome.  L.  W.  Yolk. 

THE  LETTER.     (See  page  22.) 
'  A.  Pabst,  Paris.  M.  Knoedler. 

THE  DANCING  LESSON.     (See  page  22.) 
Otto  Guenther,  Dusseldorf. 

GOSSIP.     (See  page  23.) 
•ft  J-  Carolus,  Brussels. 

FLOWERS.     (See  page  1 6.) 
v  Art  B.'.khuizen. 

TH.'  FIRST  BUTTERFLY.     (See  page  23.) 
O.  Rethel,  Dusseldorf. 

PLEASURES  OF  CHILDHOOD.     (See  page  23.) 

C.  Beinke,  Dusseldurf. 

MOORISH  PEASANTRY.     (See  page  22.) 
L.  C.  Tiffany,  New  York. 

HIGHLAND  SHEEP.     {See  page  22.) 
E.  Scbenck,  Paris. 

THE  ANTIQUARIAN.     (See  page  22.) 
A.  K.  Littschauer,  Dusseldorf. 

THE  OLD  CLEARING.     (See  page  23.) 
Landscape,  A.  H.  Wyant;  Deer,  A.  T.  Tail. 

ASKING  BEARINGS. 
Norton,  Boston. 

WOOD  SCENE.     (See  page  13.) 
W.  \Vhittred»e. 

HEAD  OF  BEETHOVEN  IN  CRAYON. 
S.  Rabat,  Chicago. 

PORTRAIT  OF  YOUNG  LADY. 
Albert  Jenks,  Chicago. 

PORTRAIT,  GEN.  GEO.  H.  THOMAS. 
A.  F.  Brooks,  Chicago. 

PORTRAIT,  DR.  A.  E.  SMALL. 
Mrs.  S.  M.  Fossett,  Chicago. 

PEARS.     (See  page  19.) 

D.  \Vagnt-r. 

MARINE  SKETCH. 
D.  T.  Williams, 

A3 


Artist. 

M.  Knoedler. 

M.  Knoedler. 

A.  H.  Wyant. 

Edwin  Lee  Brown. 


Artist. 

Artist. 

Dr.  Small. 

Mrs.  L.  M.  Wagner. 

Artist, 


No. 
327 

328 
329 
33° 
33i 
332 
333 
334 

335 
336 

337 
338 
339 
340 
341 
342 

344 
345 
346 
347 
348 


TITLE  ANI>  AKTIST. 
STUDIES  AT  VENICE. 
S.  A.  D.  Volk. 

RASPBERRIES. 
D.  Wagner. 

COLORADO  SUNSET. .   (See  page  14.) 
George  S.  Collis. 

PORTRAIT  OF  A  YOUNG  LADY. 
A.  F.  Brooks. 

INTERIOR  OF  A  STUDIO,  AND    FLAGS, 
Miss  Gage. 

LANDSCAPE  IN  GREEN  MOUNTAIN'S. 
George  S.  Collis. 

PORTRAIT  OF  MR.  PERRO. 
A.  F.  Brooks. 

PORTRAIT  OF  A  YOUNG  LADY. 

PORTRAIT  OF  MILES  STANDISH.     (See 

BLACK  AND  TAN.     (See  page  18.) 
H.  Q.  Bispham,  New  York. 

PORTRAIT  OF  A  GIRL. 
J.  W.  Dodge. 

RAM'S  HEAD.     (See  page  19.) 
F.  W.  Freer. 

PORTRAIT  OF  MR.  DAVIS. 
J.  W.  Dodge. 

JOYS  OF  SPRING. 
D.  Wagner. 

PORTRAIT  OF  MISS  CLAYBERG. 
C.  F.  Schwerdt,  Chicago. 

FRUIT  AND  WINE.     (Seepage  10.) 
George  Harvey. 

FRUIT  AND  NUTS.     (See  page  19.) 
A.  F.  Brooks.  7  • 

AUTUMN. 

Geo.  H.  Smillie,  New  York. 

TROPICAL  ORCHID. 
M.  J-  Heade,  New  York. 

PASSING  FROM  THE  MALL  TO  THE  L 
Emma  Scaife,  New  York. 

PEAR  AND  GRAPES. 
M.  Ream,  New  York. 

DELICIOUS  TABLE. 
M.  Ream,  New  York, 


OWNBR. 

L.  W.  Volk. 
Mrs.  L.  M.  Wagner. 

Artist. 
Artist. 

Artist. 

(See  page  14.) 

Artist. 

Mr.  Perro. 

M.  Kimfcall. 

page  20.) 

# 

Mr.  Davis. „  t 

Artist. 

Mr.  Davis. 

Mrs.  L.  M.  Wagner. 

Miss  Clayl 


AKE— Cenl; 


SCULPTURE. 

N  TITUB  AXD  ARTIST.  OWNER. 

121  BUST  OF  ALLEGRO. 

David  Richards,  Chicago.  •  Artist. 

122  BUST  OF  WALTER  COBB.     (See  page  24.) 

L.  W.  Volk,  Chicago.  S.  B.  Cobb. 

123  KNOWLEDGE  IS  POWER.     (See  page  24.) 

Edward  V.  Valentine,  Richmond,  Va.  Artist. 

124  THE  NATION'S  WARD.     (See  page  25.) 

E.  V.  Valentine.  Artist. 

125  STATUETTE,  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN.     (See  page  24.) 

L.  W.  Volk.  Artist. 

126  STATUETTE,  STEPHEN  A.  DOUGLAS.     (See  page  24.) 

L.  W.  Volk.  Artist. 

127  ROGERS'S  GROUPS. 

John  Rogers,  New  York.  West  &  Co. 

128  BUST  OF  THE  YOUNG  AUGUSTUS.     (Seepage  24.) 

L.  W.  Volk,  after  antique.  Mrs.  J.  Y.  Scammon. 

129  IONE.     (See  page  25.) 

L.  W.  Volk.  H.  O.  Stone. 

130  ZENOBIA.     (See  page  24.) 

Harriet  Hosmer.  Potter  Palmer. 

131  BUST  OF  J.  YOUNG  SCAMMON.     (See  page  24.) 

L.  W.  Volk.  J.  Y.  Scammon. 

132  DREAMING.— An  Ideal  Bust.     (See  page  24.) 

A.  L   Lansing.  H.  S.  Lansing. 

HEBE.     (See  page  98  of  Guide  Proper.} 

Canova.  Public  Library  of  Kentucky. 


PHOTOGRAPHS. 

PORTRAITS.     C.  D.  Mosher. 

LANDSCAPES.     P.  B.  Green. 

PORTRAITS  AND  LANDSCAPES.     C.  Gentile. 

PORTRAITS  AND  LANDSCAPES.     Copelin  &  Son. 

PORTRAITS.     H.  Rocher. 

PORTRAITS.     Alfred  Hall. 

PORTRAITS.     E.  L.  Brand  &  Co. 

PORTRAIT  OF  GEO.  H.  LAFLIN.     E.  L.  Brand. 

STEREOSCOPIC  VIEWS.     Lovejoy  &  Foster. 

PORTRAITS.     George  J.  Klein. 

PORTRAITS.     E.  D.  Ormsfcy. 


PHOTOGRAPHS —  Continued. 

PORTRAITS.     Rider  &  Barnard. 
PORTRAITS.     T.  S.  Johnson. 
PORTRAITS.     Thomas  Severn. 
PORTRAITS.     S.  M   Fassett. 
ARIZONA  CURIOSITIES.     C.  Gentile. 

ARCHITECTURE   AND    DESIGN. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  W.  L.  B.  Jenney. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  Sturgis. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  Armstrong  &  Egan. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  De  Forrest  &  Fisher. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  A.  J.  York. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  James  Murdoch. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  Wheelock  &  Thomas. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  Adam  L.  Robb. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  L.  C.  Welch. 

COURT  HOUSE  DESIGN.  Thomas  Tilley. 

INTERNATIONAL    EXPOSITION,  PHILADELPHIA.     Photo- 
graphs of  Ten  Competing  Plans. 

PERSPECTIVE  VIEWS.     J.  B.  Tyerman. 


WOOD    CARVINGS,    ETC. 

CARTON  PIERRE.     Godard  and  Le  Jeune. 
WAX-WORK.     L.  MacLean. 
WAX-WORK.     Mrs.  I.  M.  Bell. 
WAX-WORK.     Miss  Lizzie  Baxter. 
WAX-WORK.     Mrs.  Cook.  • 


STAINED   GLASS. 

STAINED  WINDOW.     Henry  Goetinck,  artist  of  Otto  Jevne&  C«. 
STAINED  WINDOW.     Geo.  A.  Misch. 
CUT-GLASS  WINDOW.     James  Berry  &  Co. 


Grandest  Scheme  Ever  Known. 

fourth  Qrand    Q-ift    Qoncert, 


FOR   THE   BENEFIT   OF   THE 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY  OF  KENTUCKY. 

12,000    CASH    GIFTS,  $1,500,000, 

EVERY  FIFTH  TICKET  DRAWS  A  GIFT. 


S25O,OOO.OO  IFOIR,  S5O.OO 

The  Fourth  Grand  Gift  Concert,  authorized  by  special  act  of  the  Legislature,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Public  Library  of  Kentucky,  will  take  place  in  Public  Library  Hall,  at  Louis- 

WEDNESDA  Y,  DECEMBER  3,  1873. 

Only  sixty  thousand  tickets  will  be  sold,  and  one-half  of  these  are  intended  for  the 
European  market,  thus  leaving  only  30,000  for  sale  in  the  United  States,  where  100,000  were 
disposed  of  for  the  Third  Concert.  The  tickets  are  divided  into  ten  coupons,  or  parts,  and 
have  on  their  back  the  Scheme,  with  a  full  explanation  of  the  mode  of  drawing. 

At  this  Concert,  which  will  be  the  grandest  musical  display  ever  witnessed  in  this  coun- 
try, the  unprecedented  sum  of 

$1,5OO.OQO, 

Divided  into  i?,o-x>  cash  gifts,  will  bo  distributed  by  lot  among  the  ticket-holders.     The  num- 
bers of  the  tickets  to  be  drawn  from  one  wheel  by  blind  children,  and  the  gifts  from  another. 

LIST    OF1    O  I  F1  T  S  . 

CHI  G2AND  CASH  GIFT $250.000    I         BO  Cash  Gift:,  $1,000  each.. 50,000 

o:  E  GSA::D  CASH  GIFT 100,000  I       s:  :uh  sifts,     sooeach 4  ,000 

ONE  S3.-.K£  CASH  GIFT 50,000  100  Cash  Gifts,       400  each 40.COO 

CSS  G::ASD  CA'.H  GI:T -    25,000  1503a«h  Gifts,       SOOoach 45,000 

OSE  GSA..D  CASH  GIFT 17,500  250  Cwh  Gifts,       200  each 50,000 

10  :ash  G:fu,  $10,COO  each 100,000  325  :ash  Gifts,       100  oach 32,500 

SOCashGJa,     5,000  each 150,000  11,000  Cash  Gifts,        50  each 550,000 

Total,  12,000  Gifts,  ALL  CASH,  amounting  to $1,500,000 

The  distribution  will  be  positive  whether  all  the  tickets  are  sold  or  not,  and  the  12,000 
gifts  al!  paid  in  proportion  to  the  tickets  sold  —  all  unsold  tickets  'being  destroyed,  as  at  the 
First  and  Second  Concerts,  and  not  represented  in  the  drawing. 


PRICES    OF    TICKETS. 

Whole  Tickets.  $50.00  ;  Halves,  $25.00  ;  Tenths,  or  Each  Coupon,  $5  00 :  Eleven  Whole 
Tickets  or  $50000;  22  1-2  Tickets  for  $1,000  00  ;  113  Whole  Tickets  for  $5.000  00.  227 
Whole  Tickets  for  $10,000.00.  No  discount  on  less  than  $500.00  worth  of  Tickets  at  a 
time. 

The  unparalleled  success  of  the  Third  Gift  Concert,  as  well  as  the  satisfaction  given  by 
the  First  and  Second,  makes  it  only  necessary  to  announce  the  Fourth,  to  insure  the 
prompt  sale  of  every  ticket.  The  fourth  Gift  Concert  will  be  conducted  in  all  its  details  like 
the  Third,  and  full  particulars  may  be  learned  from  circulars,  which  will  be  sent  free  from  this 
office  to  all  who  may  apply  for  them. 

Tickets  now  ready  tor  sale,  and  all  orders  accompanied  by  the  money  promptly  filled. 
Liberal  terms  given  to  those  who  buy  to  sell  again. 

THOS.  E.   BRAMLETTE, 

Agent  Public  Library,  Ky.,  and  Manager  Gift  Concert 
Public  Library  Building,  Louisville,  Ky. 


H.   ROCHER, 

portrait  1  hotographer, 

RESIDENCK    AND    STUDIO. 

784  Wabash  Avenue,     -  CHICAGO. 


.» 


0/fP*<J?&W«$ 


No.    14    NORTH    SHELDON    STREET. 


Burial   Crosses  and  Wreaths,   Flowers  and  Autumn  Leaves,   Pictures, 
Epergnes,  etc.,  made  to  order. 

Vf  PRIVATE   LESSORS   AT   HER   RESIDEJfCE.~&L 


L.  T. 

Decorator  of  China  mi 

226  WEST  LAKE  STREET,  CHICAGO. 

Decorating  to  Pattern  or  Original  Designs.     Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Initials. 
Monograms  and  Mottoes  put  upon  China  ia  the  best  style. 

ORDERS     PROMPTLY     EX  EC  UTE  D  .fB» 


? 
SOUTH-EAST  CORNER  CLARK  AND  LAKE  STS., 


Steel  Plate  Eugrayii  auJ  PMU  ani  Lfflogrfflliicf  a*  of  all  idnis, 

C.  C.  CHENEY,  Treasurer.       •        -        JAMES  LAWTON.  Secretary. 


:.  E.  WOOD,,- 

'         V^J 

PHOTOGRAPHIC    ARTIST, 


Furniture,  Ornamentel  Carved  Work,  Glass,  Crockery,  Hardware, 

and  all  Sample  Goods  Photographed  on  reasonable  terms, 

iiiul  executed  with  promptness. 


") 

y 


.  "WILLIS, 

PHOTOGRAPHER, 

Northwest  Corner  State  and  Madison  Streets. 
ACCESS  BY  ELEVATOR  OR  STAIRS.  ENTRANCE  ON  MADISON  STREET. 

H.  MEINHARD, 

WATCHMAKER  AND  JEWELER, 

No.  1192  State  Street,  near  26th,  Chicago,  UL, 

—  DEALER  IN  — 


"WATCHES   OF  ALL   KINDS  ACCURATELY   REPAIRED   AND 
WARRANTED. 

Se&~See  Clock  in  Art  Department. 

THE  CHICAGO  EVMINr, 

EVEN  I  H/? 

In  th 

STJIBSOIF 

Only 

v|>i 


IOWA   RAILROAD    LANDS! 
OVER  ONE  MILLION  AND  A  HALF  ACRES 


more,  liy  the 

Iowa  Railroad  Land.  Company, 


All!1.  •  I-'  tin1    Iowa    Kailri.idii,    to    wlii'-h    t!:e.v  U'Te   Krant' il   '•>    t 

follows 

Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway,        -  -4  855,965  spres, 

Illinois  Central  Railway,  -  -  -  iwiL  587.U5:; 

Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Kailway,          -          -  -          -        00,601  acres, 

An  1  !,p<-at"d  in  the  middle  reirion  <if  Western  luwa. 


'  j-^L-  Jt  _>;_  Zl  __12 £2  -S.'J^L  ^ 

/^;  "-.LJ,..: */ 

,/X^        -^  A^. 


MOWAR.R.LANDCO 


AOKICfl.TCIiAI,    ADVANTAOKS. 

A-.  ii<-t>,  less  tliii'.  n  Chin) 

/   -uf  ;:Tc:it  ilc|iili  ii'nt  ;.:•  'Mii.-tiv  • 
veil  il:  .  [il>  n'i!'i:!iv  v.  it. •!..,]  ulth 

>f  sure  and  abnndant  crop.    '!'!••  ••'^ri- 

.  w  i>e>i  demonstrated  I'.v  th<  i';r  I 

S"ttli-li|.-iit  l:rv.s  A   MOMS,  iind  ill!  that  llav  'iiti'il. 

TKRMS   OF   I' 

arc  made  to  suit  the  means  of  nil  cliwaes.     Intfi-'-t  "hi 

ii'. \\ 

The  Town  E':pre^  trar  "i.run 

or  via  FrcejKirt  :uid  DiiLinjiir •—  run  'lin-n!;,   ilu-.m^li  \.itlnp, n  lijeli 

I.AMi 

i.  gnoil  for  thirty  daj-s.     Th —  •   ti'-Up'ts  <MH   1...  Imd  at  tli.  i-iii    •     i,f  tin-  ('"ini'miy,  > 

.r  T'edar  lta]ii<K  I.pua.  an.:  payment  for  land 

Chicago   '  an    i.lp|:pin     HP  in     at    the    riiii 

•  ti  ilie^.-  Hues  to  nn.v  desired    jH'iu:  i-:iid  ilistfict.      Kl'-l  I 

\froin  •'!•:•  i-t  them    in    n  M;:]i-  :'iid  i>:.m- ' 

.  .mid   all    needt'nl    itu'  rn.ali  PII    t'nniii>h-d    free,    liy 


re   .     and 


Bf  OALHOUN, 


Land  Commissioner. 


RPtRE 


siN^      '  -s* 


V: 


WM 


k^ 


